@article {1573776, title = {Elias Magnus Fries{\textquoteright}s fungus exsiccati Scleromyceti Sueciae: New light on the obscure {\textquotedblleft}fascicle nine{\textquotedblright} }, journal = {Taxon}, year = {2024}, pages = {1-8}, abstract = {Elias Magnus Fries{\textquoteright}s fungus exsiccati\ Scleromyceti Sueciae\ documents specimens cited in several of Fries{\textquoteright}s publications that are now considered sanctioning works in the nomenclature and taxonomy of several groups of fungi. The first eight fascicles of the first edition of the\ Scleromyceti Sueciae\ were issued periodically during the years 1819{\textendash}1822. Each fascicle was issued as a bound booklet that included, among other information, a printed title page with a date, and an index followed by 30{\textendash}40 specimens. A ninth fascicle that concluded the first edition was issued without a date. Scholars of the\ Scleromyceti Sueciae\ inferred an approximate date of issuance of mid-1825 based on Fries{\textquoteright}s correspondence, but they were uncertain whether fascicle nine was issued as a booklet or on loose sheets. In addition, the location of the printed index to fascicle nine that they studied was unclear. We obtained images of a complete, original copy of fascicle nine from the collections of the Natural History Museum of Denmark of the University of Copenhagen. This copy proves that fascicle nine was issued as a bound booklet like the previous eight fascicles and contained a printed index and printed specimen labels. Because of the apparent rarity of a complete, original copy of fascicle nine, we describe the copy at the Natural History Museum of Denmark and provide images of the index. We discuss potential problems in typifying names from material issued in the\ Scleromyceti Sueciae\ second edition. Using an example from fascicle nine, we discuss Fries{\textquoteright}s omissions, errors, and lapses in citing specimens.}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tax.13168}, author = {Karakehian, J.M. and Pfister, D.H. and Miller, A.N.} } @newspaperarticle {1570211, title = {Mo-Ku-Sin: Lysurus mokusin}, year = {2024}, author = {Pfister, D.H .} } @article {1545111, title = {Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of Erysiphaceae, part 5: Erysiphe (the {\textquotedblleft}Microsphaera lineage{\textquotedblright} part 1)}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {116}, year = {2024}, pages = {106-147}, abstract = {In this contribution, we offer the fifth installment of a series focusing on the phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildews. This paper is the second segment evaluating the genus\ Erysiphe. The first treatment of\ Erysiphe\ focused on phylogenetically basal species in the {\textquotedblleft}Uncinula\ lineage.{\textquotedblright} This research presents a phylogenetic-taxonomic assessment of species that form the group previously referred to as the {\textquotedblleft}Microsphaera\ lineage.{\textquotedblright} Given the size of the group, we split the treatment of this lineage of\ Erysiphe\ species into two parts based on their phylogenetic placement. Phylogenetic trees based on ITS+28S data are supplemented by sequences of additional markers (CAM, GADPH, GS, RPB2, and\ TUB). Included in the analysis of the\ Microsphaera\ lineage is the {\textquotedblleft}Erysiphe aquilegiae\ complex{\textquotedblright} (group, clade, cluster), which encompasses sequences obtained from an assemblage of\ Erysiphe\ species with insufficient resolution in rDNA analyses. Attempts have been made to resolve this group at the species level by applying a multilocus approach. A detailed discussion of the {\textquotedblleft}Erysiphe aquilegiae\ complex{\textquotedblright} is provided. Sequences are provided for the first time for several species, particularly North American species, such as\ Erysiphe aggregata, E. erineophila, E. parnassiae, and\ E. semitosta. Ex-type sequences for\ Microsphaera benzoin\ and\ M. magnusii\ have been retrieved.\ Alphitomorpha penicillata, Microsphaera vanbruntiana, and\ M. symphoricarpi\ are epitypified with ex-epitype sequences. The new species\ Erysiphe alnicola, E. deutziana, E. cornigena, E. lentaginis, and\ E. sambucina\ are described, the new combinations\ E. lauracearum, E. passiflorae, and\ E. sambucicola\ are introduced, and the new name\ E. santali\ is proposed.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00275514.2023.2252715}, author = {Bradshaw, M. and Braun, E. and Quijada, L. and Pfister D.H .} } @article {1545676, title = {Cytological studies reveal high variation in ascospore number and shape and conidia produced directly from ascospores in Morchella galilaea.}, journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Spores are important as dispersal and survival propagules in fungi. In this study we investigated the variation in number, shape, size and germination mode of ascospores in\ Morchella galilaea, the only species of the genus\ Morchella\ known to fruit in the autumn. Based on the observation of five samples, we first discovered significant variation in the shape and size of ascospores in\ Morchella. One to sixteen ascospores were found in the asci. Ascospore size correlated negatively with ascospore number, but positively with ascus size, and ascus size was positively correlated with ascospore number. We noted that ascospores, both from fresh collections and dried specimens, germinated terminally or laterally either by extended germ tubes, or via the production of conidia that were formed directly from ascospores at one, two or multiple sites. The direct formation of conidia from ascospores takes place within asci or after ascospores are discharged. Using laser confocal microscopy, we recorded the number of nuclei in ascospores and in conidia produced from ascospores. In most ascospores of\ M. galilaea, several nuclei were observed, as is typical of species of\ Morchella. However, nuclear number varied from zero to around 20 in this species, and larger ascospores harbored more nuclei. One to six nuclei were present in the conidia. Nuclear migration from ascospores to conidia was observed. Conidia forming directly from ascospores has been observed in few species of Pezizomycetes; this is the first report of the phenomenon in\ Morchella\ species. Morphological and molecular data show that conidial formation from ascospores is not found in all the specimens of this species and, hence, is not an informative taxonomic character in\ M. galilaea. Our data suggest that conidia produced from ascospores and successive mitosis within the ascus may contribute to asci with more than eight spores. The absence of mitosis and/or nuclear degeneration, as well as cytokinesis defect, likely results in asci with fewer than eight ascospores. This study provides new insights into the poorly understood life cycle of\ Morchella\ species and more broadly improves knowledge of conidia formation and reproductive strategies in Pezizomycetes.}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1286501/full}, author = {Du, XH. and Wang, SY. and Ryberg, M. and Guo, YJ. and Pfister, D.H. and Johannesson, H.} } @article {1545441, title = {The Erysiphe alphitoides complex (powdery mildews) {\textendash} unravelling the phylogeny and taxonomy of an intricate assemblage of species}, journal = {New Zealand Journal of Botany }, year = {2023}, abstract = {

Powdery mildews on oaks, caused by\ Erysiphe\ species, have serious ecological consequences on a range of\ Quercus\ hosts. In addition to\ Erysiphe quercicola,\ E. alphitoides\ is one of the most common and widespread species of\ Erysiphe\ having a wide host range among oak species, and a clear economic significance in applied ecology, forestry, and forest pathology. There are many publications addressing these important tree pathogens. Previous phylogenetic examinations have shown that\ E. alphitoides\ refers to a complicated species assemblage with insufficient taxonomic resolution in ITS + 28S analyses; the associated sequences form an insufficiently resolved species complex. The majority of species within the\ E. alphitoides\ complex cannot be unequivocally identified based solely on ITS + 28S analyses. Most of the additional species of the\ E. alphitoides\ complex are distributed in Asia, with a concentration in Japan. The question posed is whether there is a single widespread powdery mildew species,\ E. alphitoides,\ or an assemblage of closely allied species. To answer this question, specimens of related recognized species, particularly those from Japan, have been subjected to phylogenetic multilocus examinations, including\ CAM,\ GAPDH,\ GS, ITS + 28S,\ RPB2, and\ TUB\ sequences. An analysis of the concatenated sequences resulted in the confirmation of several distinct species. These species form highly supported clades that include\ E. alphitoides,\ E. aucubae,\ E. euonymicola,\ E. ipomoeae,\ E. menispermi\ var.\ dahurica,\ E. orixae,\ E. pseudolonicerae,\ E. sinomenii\ and\ E. wallrothii.\ Erysiphe akebiae\ as well as the relationship between Japanese and North American collections requires further examinations.

}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2023.2276913}, author = {Bradshaw, M. and Braun, U. and Takamatsu, S. and N{\'e}methf, M.Z. and Seress, D. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1533306, title = {Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of Erysiphaceae, part 4: Erysiphe (the {\textquotedblleft}Uncinula lineage{\textquotedblright})}, journal = {Mycologia}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This is the fourth contribution within an ongoing series dedicated to the phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildews. This particular installment undertakes a comprehensive evaluation of a group previously referred to as the {\textquotedblleft}Uncinula lineage{\textquotedblright} within\ Erysiphe. The genus\ Erysiphe\ is too large to be assessed in a single paper; thus, the treatment of\ Erysiphe\ is split into three parts, according to phylogenetic lineages. The first paper, presented here, discusses the most basal lineage of\ Erysiphe\ and its relationship to allied basal genera within tribe Erysipheae (i.e.,\ Brasiliomyces\ and\ Salmonomyces). ITS+28S analyses are insufficient to resolve the basal assemblage of taxa within the Erysipheae. Therefore, phylogenetic multilocus examinations have been carried out to better understand the evolution of these taxa. The results of our analyses favor maintaining\ Brasiliomyces, Bulbomicroidium, and\ Salmonomyces\ as separate genera, at least for the interim, until further phylogenetic multilocus data are available for additional basal taxa within the Erysipheae. The current analyses also confirmed previous results that showed that the {\textquotedblleft}Uncinula lineage{\textquotedblright} is not exclusively composed of\ Erysiphe\ species of sect.\ Uncinula\ but also includes some species that morphologically align with sect.\ Erysiphe, as well as species that had previously been assigned to\ Californiomyces\ and\ Typhulochaeta. Numerous sequences of\ Erysiphe\ species from the {\textquotedblleft}Uncinula lineage{\textquotedblright} have been included in the present phylogenetic analyses and were confirmed by their position in well-supported species clades. Several species have been sequenced for the first time, including\ Erysiphe clintonii, E. couchii, E. geniculata, E. macrospora, and\ E. parvula. Ex-type sequences are provided for 16 taxa including\ E. nothofagi, E. trinae, and\ E. variabilis. Epitypes are designated and ex-epitype sequences are added for 18 taxa including\ Erysiphe carpophila, E. densa, and\ U. geniculata\ var.\ carpinicola. The new species\ Erysiphe canariensis\ is described, and the new names\ E. hosagoudarii\ and\ E. pseudoprunastri\ and the new combination\ E. ampelopsidis\ are introduced.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00275514.2023.2230853?casa_token=9TZ-7tiC6XYAAAAA\%3AxnLi0LmDtH0tw-tpWfSoWaK5IVpQJtLBHCNw5lRaNPtf0cuz4GQ7_VGHSjbcKztho4BAkIVABjg}, author = {Bradshaw, M. and Braun, U. and Pfister, D.H.} } @inbook {1522521, title = {Paedomorphosis and Evolution of Sequestrate Basidiomycetes}, booktitle = {Evolution of Fungi and Fungal-Like Organisms }, volume = {76}, year = {2023}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, abstract = {Current theories on the evolution of sequestrate (enclosed) basidiomes explain the origin of these forms in a gradualist adaptational process led by selective forces, such as drought and animal consumption. Paedomorphosis (the retention of juvenile traits) has been invoked as the phenomenon underlying sequestration, but many consequences of this process have not yet been explored. Our present interpretation of sequestrate morphologies, in light of Stephen Jay Gould{\textquoteright}s characterization of neoteny (retention of juvenile features in an adult stage with mature reproductive structures) and progenesis (the onset of sexual maturity in a morphologically immature stage that does not reach the mature morphology observed in the ancestral form), both involved in paedomorphosis, implies that the origin of sequestrate basidiomes might constitute two distinct evolutionary processes. These two processes could be recognized among fungi by contrasting their morphological plasticity, phylogenetic diversification, and ecological patterns. The hypotheses discussed here provide new insights for interpreting and studying the evolution of sequestrate fungi.}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-29199-9_13}, author = {Kuhar, F. and Nouhra, E. and Pfister, D.H. and Smith, M.E.} } @article {1516266, title = {Extensive intragenomic variation in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of fungi}, journal = {iScience}, volume = {26}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Fungi are among the most biodiverse organisms in the world. Accurate species identification is imperative for studies on fungal ecology and evolution. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region has been widely accepted as the universal barcode for fungi. However, several recent studies have uncovered intragenomic sequence variation within the ITS in multiple fungal species. Here, we mined the genome of 2414 fungal species to determine the prevalence of intragenomic variation and found that the genomes of 641 species, about one-quarter of the 2414 species examined, contained multiple ITS copies. Of those 641 species, 419 ( 65\%) contained variation among copies revealing that intragenomic variation is common in fungi. We proceeded to show how these copies could result in the erroneous description of hundreds of fungal species and skew studies evaluating environmental DNA (eDNA) especially when making diversity estimates. Additionally, many genomes were found to be contaminated, especially those of unculturable fungi.}, url = {https://www.cell.com/iscience/pdf/S2589-0042(23)01394-9.pdf}, author = {Bradshaw, M. and Aime, M. C. and Rokas, A. and Maust, A. and Moparthi,S. and Jellings,K. and Payne, A.M. and Hendricks, D. and Pandey, B. and Li, Y. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1502241, title = {Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of Erysiphaceae, part 3: Cystotheca}, journal = {Mycologia}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This contribution is part of a series devoted to the phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildews, with an emphasis on North American taxa. An overview of Cystotheca species is given, including references to ex-type sequences or, if unavailable, proposals for representative reference sequences for phylogenetic-taxonomic purposes. The new species C. mexicana is described, based on Mexican collections on Quercus glaucoides {\texttimes} Quercus microphylla and Quercus liebmannii {\texttimes} Q. microphylla. Cystotheca lanestris is reported for the first time worldwide on Quercus laceyi (Collected in Mexico) and on Q. toumeyi (collected in Arizona, USA). Cystotheca lanestris on Q. agrifolia and on Q. cerris is reported for the first time in Mexico. Epitypes with ex-epitype sequences are designated for Cystotheca wrightii, Lanomyces tjibodensis (= C. tjibodensis), Sphaerotheca kusanoi, and S. lanestris (C. lanestris).}, author = {Bradshaw, M. and Braun, U. and Quijada L. and Coombes, A. J. and Contreras-Paredes, C. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1484271, title = {The Unexpected Identity of Tympanis vagabunda}, journal = {Life}, volume = {13}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Tympanis\ species (Leotiales) are plant pathogens distributed mostly in northern temperate ecosystems. The diversity and identity of some species remains unclear.\ Tympanis vagabunda, found in Sicilia (Italy) on dry twigs of\ Rosa,\ Rubus, and\ Pistacia, is one example of an obscure and poorly known species. During the study of its type specimen in S, which contained one twig with a wood anatomy fitting neither of the three mentioned hosts, the microanatomic structures indicated that it belongs to the genus\ Rutstroemia\ (Helotiales). To investigate its identity, the types of\ R. fruticeti,\ R. juniperi,\ R. urceolus, and\ R. longiasca\ were studied for comparison. The species for which molecular data were available were included in a dataset that contained identified species of\ Rutstroemia, along with other select species from the families Rutstroemiaceae and Sclerotiniaceae.\ R. fruticeti, a saprobe frequently reported from\ Rubus fruticosus\ in Europe, is found to be a later synonym of\ T. vagabunda, and the combination\ Rutstroemia vagabunda\ is proposed.\ R. juniperi\ is an infrequently reported European species on twigs of\ Juniperus\ and is morphologically hard to distinguish from\ R. vagabunda; available molecular data support its recognition as a distinct species.\ R. longiasca\ differs from\ R. vagabunda\ in its black apothecia, smaller asci, and narrower ascospores.\ R. urceolus\ differs from\ R. vagabunda\ in having black apothecia and smaller inamyloid asci, and excipulum at the flanks and margin is composed of dark-walled hyphae.}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/life13030661}, author = {Quijada, L. and Baral, H.O. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1467771, title = {Hesperomyces (Fungi, Ascomycota) associated with Hyperaspis ladybirds (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae): Rethinking host specificity}, journal = {Frontiers in Fungal Biology}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniomycetes) are biotrophic microfungi always attached to the exoskeleton of their arthropod hosts. They do not form hyphae or a mycelium; instead, they undergo determinate growth, developing from a two-celled ascospore to form a multicellular thallus.\ Hesperomyces virescens\ has been reported on over 30 species of ladybirds (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae); in reality, it represents a complex of species, presumably segregated by host genus association. In this study, we report on\ Hesperomyces\ thalli on\ Hyperaspis vinciguerrae\ from the Canary Islands and compare them with the\ Hesperomyces hyperaspidis\ described on\ Hyperaspis\ sp. from Trinidad. We generated the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the large subunit (LSU) nuclear ribosomal RNA gene, and the minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7) protein-coding gene. Our phylogenetic reconstruction of\ Hesperomyces\ based on a concatenated ITS{\textendash}LSU{\textendash}MCM7\ dataset revealed\ Hesperomyces\ sp. ex\ Hy. vinciguerrae\ as a member of the\ He. virescens\ species complex distinct from\ He. virescens sensu stricto\ (s.s.). It also revealed that the\ Hesperomyces\ sp. ex\ Chilocorus bipustulatus\ from Algeria is different from\ He. virescens\ s.s., which is associated with\ Chilocorus stigma\ from the USA. This suggests that the species of\ Hesperomyces\ are not solely segregated by host association, but that there is also a biogeographical component involved. Based on these data, we refrained from referring our material from\ Hy. vinciguerrae\ to\ He. hyperaspidis. Finally, we discuss the usefulness of\ MCM7\ as a useful marker for species delimitation in\ Hesperomyces.}, author = {Van Caenegem, W. and Ceryngier, P. and Romanowski, J. and Pfister, D.H. and Haelewaters, D.} } @article {1516941, title = {A review of Hyphodiscaceae}, journal = {Studies in Mycology }, volume = {103}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In a recently published classification scheme for Leotiomycetes, the new family Hyphodiscaceae was erected; unfortunately, this study was rife with phylogenetic misinterpretations and hampered by a poor understanding of this group of fungi. This manifested in the form of an undiagnostic familial description, an erroneous familial circumscription, and the redescription of the type species of an included genus as a new species in a different genus. The present work corrects these errors by incorporating new molecular data from this group into phylogenetic analyses and examining the morphological features of the included taxa. An emended description of Hyphodiscaceae is provided, notes and descriptions of the included genera are supplied, and keys to genera and species in Hyphodiscaceae are supplied. Microscypha cajaniensis is combined in Hyphodiscus, and Scolecolachnum nigricans is a taxonomic synonym of Fuscolachnum pteridis. Future work in this family should focus on increasing phylogenetic sampling outside of Eurasia and better characterising described species to help resolve outstanding issues.}, url = {https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/wfbi/sim/2022/00000103/00000001/art00004}, author = {Quijada, L. and Baral, H.O. and Johnston, P. R. and P{\"a}rtel, K. and Mitchell, J.K. and Hosoya, T. and Madrid, H. and Kosonen, T. and Hellman, S. and Rubio, E. and St{\"o}ckli, E. and Huhtinen, S. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1447829, title = {Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of Erysiphaceae, part 1: Golovinomyces}, journal = {Mycologia}, year = {2022}, pages = {1-30}, abstract = {Powdery mildews are a monophyletic group of obligate plant pathogenic fungi in the family Erysiphaceae. Powdery mildews are economically important in that they cause damage to many agriculturally significant crops and plants in ecologically important habitats. In this contribution, we introduce a new series of publications focusing on the phylogeny and taxonomy of this group, with an emphasis on specimens collected from North America. The first part of the series focuses on the genus\ Golovinomyces\ and includes a section detailing the powdery mildew species concept. We conducted analyses of\ Golovinomyces\ spp. with available rDNA sequence data from GenBank and supplemented the data set with rDNA (ITS, 28S, IGS) as well as protein-coding (GAPDH) data from 94 North American collections. Many of the species evaluated are included in phylogenetic and morphological analyses for the first time, including the American species\ G. americanus, G. brunneopunctatus, G. californicus, G. greeneanus, G. hydrophyllacearum, and\ G. sparsus. A special emphasis was placed on acquiring ex-type or ex-epitype sequences or presenting reference sequences for phylogenetic-taxonomic purposes. Three new species,\ G. eurybiarum, G. galiorum, and\ G. malvacearum, are described, and the new combinations\ G. fuegianus, G. mutisiae, and\ G. reginae\ are introduced. Ex-holotype sequences of\ Erysiphe sparsa\ (=\ G. sparsus) reveal that it should be reduced to synonymy with\ G. ambrosiae, and ex-epitype sequences of\ G. valerianae\ reveal that it should be reduced to synonymy with\ G. orontii. Multiple epitypes are designated with ex-epitype sequences.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00275514.2022.2115419?cookieSet=1}, author = {Bradshaw, M.J. and Braun, U. and Pfister, D.H .} } @article {1447828, title = {Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of Erysiphaceae, part 2: Neoerysiphe}, journal = {Mycologia}, year = {2022}, pages = {1-14}, abstract = {The second contribution to a new series devoted to the phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildews is presented. An overview of\ Neoerysiphe\ species is given, including references to ex-type sequences or, if unavailable, representative reference sequences for phylogenetic-taxonomic purposes are provided. The new species\ N. stachydis\ is described, and\ Striatoidium jaborosae\ is reduced to synonymy with\ Neoerysiphe macquii. Epitypes with ex-epitype sequences are designated for\ Alphitomorpha ballotae, A. labiatarum, Erysiphe galii, E. chelones, and\ E. galeopsidis. Based on phylogenetic analyses, it has been demonstrated that\ Neoerysiphe cumminsiana\ is confined to its type host,\ Roldana hartwegii\ (=\ Senecio seemannii), and other North and South American parasites on Asteraceae hosts, previously assigned to this species, pertain to\ N. macquii. The first record of\ N. macquii\ from Europe (Germany) on cultivated\ Bidens aurea\ was confirmed by sequencing. Sequence analysis of type material of\ N. rubiae\ reveals that this species should be excluded from\ Neoerysiphe; however, the true affinity of this taxon is not yet clear.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00275514.2022.2115420}, author = {Bradshaw, M.J. and Braun, U. and G{\"o}tz, M. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1444160, title = {More Than Just Plants: Botanical Gardens Are an Untapped Source of Fungal Diversity }, journal = {HortScience }, volume = {57}, year = {2022}, pages = {1289-1293}, abstract = {Botanical gardens have extensive spatial databases of their plant specimens; however,
the fungi occurring in them are generally unstudied. Botanical gardens, with their great plant diversity, undoubtedly harbor a wide range of symbiotic fungi, including those that are plant-pathogenic. One such group of fungi is powdery mildews (Erysiphaceae). The powdery mildews are among the most prevalent and economically important plant pathogens in the world, with an estimated 906 species in 19 genera. They are known to infect more than 10,000 species of flowering plants and although some species occur across a range of hosts, many are associated with specific plants. Powdery mildews have undergone a long and dynamic coevolution with their host plants, resulting
in co-speciation. Botanical gardens provide a living laboratory in which to study these fungi, leading to a wealth of undiscovered fungal diversity. Furthermore, monitoring pathogens in botanical gardens has led to important ecological findings related to the plant sciences and plant protection. Between 2018 and 2022, a collaborative citizen science project was established with 10 botanical gardens in the United States and Mexico. A total of more than 300 powdery mildew specimens were collected on 220 different host taxa. We sequenced the entire internal transcribed spacer
(ITS) and large subunit (LSU) rDNA loci and phylogenetically and morphologically analyzed these collections revealing 130 species, of which 31 are likely unknown to science. This research highlights the importance of botanical gardens as a reservoir of fungal diversity. Future research will further elucidate the coevolutionary relationship between powdery mildews and their hosts and extend the current study to evaluate other plant pathogens and fungi in botanical gardens.}, url = {https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI16755-22}, author = {Bradshaw, M.J. and Quijada, L. and Tobin, P.C. and Braun, E. and Newlander, C. and Potterfield, T. and Alford, E. A. and Contreras, C. and Coombes, A. and Moparthi, S. and Buchholz, E. and Murphy, D. and Enos, W. and Fields-Taylor, A. and Bower, A. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1438428, title = {Secondary DNA Barcodes (CAM, GAPDH, GS, and RpB2) to Characterize Species Complexes and Strengthen the Powdery Mildew Phylogeny}, journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Powdery mildews are a group of economically and ecologically important plant pathogens. In the past 25 years the use of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in the powdery mildews has led to major taxonomic revisions. However, the broad scale use of rDNA has also revealed multiple species complexes that cannot be differentiated based on ITS + LSU data alone. Currently, there are only two powdery mildew taxonomic studies that took a multi-locus approach to resolve a species complex. In the present study, we introduce primers to sequence four additional regions (CAM, GAPDH, GS, and RPB2) that have the potential to improve support values in both broad and fine scale phylogenetic analyses. The primers were applied to a broad set of powdery mildew genera in China and the United States, and phylogenetic analyses included some of the common complexes. In taxa with nearly identical ITS sequences the analyses revealed a great amount of diversity. In total 154 non-rDNA sequences from 11 different powdery mildew genera were deposited in NCBI{\textquoteright}s GenBank, laying the foundation for secondary barcode databases for powdery mildews. The combined and single loci phylogenetic trees constructed generally followed the previously defined species/genus concepts for the powdery mildews. Future research can use these primers to conduct in depth phylogenetic, and taxonomic studies to elucidate the evolutionary relationships of species and genera within the powdery mildews.}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2022.918908/full}, author = {Bradshaw, M. and Guan, G.X. and Nokes, L.F. and Braun, U. and Liu, S.Y and Pfister D.H .} } @article {1437885, title = {Species of the common discomycete genus Bisporella reassigned to at least four genera}, journal = {Mycologia}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Bisporella\ as typically conceived is a genus of noticeable, bright yellow inoperculate discomycetes. This interpretation of the genus, however, is at odds with\ Bisporella pallescens, the current name of the type species of the genus; furthermore, the genus has been interpreted as including the unusual species\ Bisporella resinicola. By comparing morphological and molecular traits of species traditionally included in\ Bisporella, we show that the genus is polyphyletic, with many {\textquotedblleft}typical{\textquotedblright} members of the genus belonging instead in\ Calycina\ in Pezizellaceae.\ Bisporella pallescens\ is conclusively linked with its asexual morph,\ Bispora antennata, and the genus\ Bisporella\ is abandoned as a later synonym of the monotypic genus\ Bispora\ (previously applied only to asexual fungi) and placed as sister to\ Hymenoscyphus\ in Helotiaceae.\ Bisporella resinicola\ is shown to represent an independent monotypic genus,\ Eustilbum, which so far is placed incertae sedis in Helotiales. Finally, {\textquotedblleft}Bisporella{\textquotedblright}\ subpallida, like\ Bispora, belongs to Helotiaceae but is instead related to {\textquotedblleft}Phaeohelotium{\textquotedblright}\ epiphyllum.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00275514.2022.2058853?cookieSet=1}, author = {Mitchell, J.K. and Quijada, L. and Johnson, P. R. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1437884, title = {A reexamination and realignment of Peziza sensu lato (Pezizomycetes) species in southern South America/Un reexamen y revisi{\'o}n de las especies de Peziza sensu lato (Pezizomycetes) en el cono sur de Sudam{\'e}rica}, journal = { Darwiniana}, volume = {10}, year = {2022}, pages = {148-177}, abstract = {

In this study we review recent collections and historical records of epigeous members of the Pezizales formerly placed in the large, heterogenous genus Peziza from temperate southern South America. Recent analyses using molecular phylogenetic methods allow placement of these species in several previously described genera in recognition of the heterogeneity of Peziza. We include species in nine genera, describe one new species (Peziza gamundiae sp. nov.), and propose one new combination (Phylloscypha nothofageti comb. nov.). We also demonstrate that Pustularia microspora is a synonym of the previously described taxon Peziza pseudosylvestris. Our purpose is to draw attention to these taxa in order to promote their collection and study in a modern framework.

En este trabajo hemos revisado material fresco y colecciones hist{\'o}ricas de Pezizales epigeos formalmente incluidos en el amplio y heterog{\'e}neo g{\'e}nero\ Peziza\ provenientes de las zonas templadas del sur de Sudam{\'e}rica. Estudios recientes basados en filogenias moleculares han permitido posicionar estas especies en varios g{\'e}neros previamente descritos demostrando su heterogeneidad. Incluimos aqu{\'\i} especies de nueve g{\'e}neros, una especie nueva para la ciencia (Peziza gamundiae\ sp. nov.) y proponemos una nueva combinaci{\'o}n (Phylloscypha nothofageti\ comb. nov.). Tambi{\'e}n demostramos que\ Pustularia microspora\ es sin{\'o}nimo de un tax{\'o}n previamente descrito como\ Peziza pseudosylvestris. Nuestro objetivo es llamar la atenci{\'o}n sobre la presencia de estos taxa para promover su recolecci{\'o}n y estudio en trabajos cient{\'\i}ficos modernos.

}, url = {http://www.ojs.darwin.edu.ar/index.php/darwiniana/article/view/1019}, author = {Pfister, D.H . and Healy, R. A. and Furci, G. and Mujic, A.B. and Nouhra, E. R. and Truong, C. and Caiafa, M.V. and Smith, M. E.} } @article {1435466, title = {Exploration of Marine Lichenized Fungi as Bioindicators of Coastal Ocean Pollution in the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area}, journal = {Rhodora}, volume = {122}, year = {2022}, pages = {251{\textendash}273}, abstract = {This preliminary exploration of marine lichenized fungi (lichens) as bioindicators of water pollution examined the distribution of intertidal lichen communities in the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area with respect to recorded pollution throughout the harbor. We found significant negative associations between pollution measurements and the health of the lichen community based on cover and species richness. We also observed significant differences in species composition between areas of higher pollution and areas of lower pollution, though not enough data are available to establish the pollution sensitivity or tolerance of individual species. We note that difficulties in the collection and identification of marine lichens hamper efforts to use them broadly as bioindicators. This study suggests that marine lichens could prove useful as bioindicators, but more research is needed to understand the differential effects of pollution on individual species as well as to establish practical procedures both for quantifying marine lichen community health and for widespread bioindication using marine lichens. Finally, one species collected during this study, Verrucaria ceuthocarpa, represents a first report for the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area.}, url = {https://bioone.org/journals/rhodora/volume-122/issue-992/20-10/Exploration-of-Marine-Lichenized-Fungi-as-Bioindicators-of-Coastal-Ocean/10.3119/20-10.short}, author = {Nokes, L.F. and Haelewaters, D. and Pfister D.H .} } @article {1434760, title = {Powdery mildews on Quercus: A worldwide distribution and rediscovered holotype provide insights into the spread of these ecologically important pathogens}, journal = {Forest Pathology}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Powdery mildew, caused by\ Erysiphe\ spp., on oak has been shown to have serious ecological consequences on\ Quercus\ hosts.\ Erysiphe alphitoides\ and\ E.\ quercicola\ are two of the most heavily studied and common powdery mildews known to occur on\ Quercus\ species. In recent years, these species have been noted throughout the world on a range of hosts within and outside the\ Quercus\ genus. Reports that\ E.\ alphitoides\ was absent in European herbaria before 1921 and the discovery of the holotype of\ E.\ alphitoides\ from 1911 in an American herbarium (FH) led to the current study in which we genetically analysed six specimens of\ E.\ alphitoides\ s. lat including, most importantly, the holotype of\ E.\ alphitoides\ from France collected in 1911. The results of our analyses revealed that: (1) The sequence of the\ E.\ alphitoides\ holotype falls within the\ E.\ quercicola\ clade, confirming that\ E.\ alphitoides\ did not spread to Europe until ~1921. (2)\ E.\ alphitoides\ var.\ chenii\ forms a monophyletic clade with\ E.\ epigena\ and should be reduced to synonymy with that species and (3) through sequence analyses\ E.\ alphitoides\ and\ E.\ quercicola\ are confirmed to have spread to North America. The sequencing results of the\ E.\ alphitoides\ holotype have severe nomenclatural-taxonomic consequences. A proposal was submitted simultaneously with the present manuscript to conserve the name\ E.\ alphitoides\ so that the traditional usage of the names\ E.\ alphitoides\ and\ E.\ quercicola\ could be maintained. The sequences obtained for the current study provide new insight into the taxonomy and spread of these ecologically significant, globally distributed species. The present study highlights the importance of sequencing specimens from type material, above all when morphological similar species are involved.}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/efp.12742?casa_token=jLJc1uIOAh0AAAAA\%3AiTaJU0N5UksEXisa8i4iPyojgytHNBN2j7LmPiXNKmoxejLWO3IQL0nItvymoPSAYNelWvAQnp_cbQ}, author = {Bradshaw, M. and Braun, U. and Pfister, D.H .} } @article {1433981, title = {Apothecial Ancestry, Evolution, and Re-Evolution in Thelebolales (Leotiomycetes, Fungi)}, journal = {Biology}, volume = {11}, year = {2022}, pages = {1-28}, abstract = {Closed cleistothecia-like ascomata have repeatedly evolved in non-related perithecioid and apothecioid lineages of lichenized and non-lichenized\ Ascomycota. The evolution of a closed, darkly pigmented ascoma that protects asci and ascospores is conceived as either an adaptation to harsh environmental conditions or a specialized dispersal strategy. Species with closed ascomata have mostly lost sterile hymenial elements (paraphyses) and the capacity to actively discharge ascospores. The class\ Leotiomycetes, one of the most speciose classes of\ Ascomycota, is mainly apothecioid, paraphysate, and possesses active ascospore discharge. Lineages with closed ascomata, and their morphological variants, have evolved independently in several families, such as\ Erysiphaceae,\ Myxotrichaceae,\ Rutstroemiaceae, etc.\ Thelebolales\ is a distinctive order in the\ Leotiomycetes\ class. It has two widespread families (Thelebolaceae,\ Pseudeurotiaceae) with mostly closed ascomata, evanescent asci, and thus passively dispersed ascospores. Within the order, closed ascomata dominate and a great diversity of peridia have evolved as adaptations to different dispersal strategies. The type genus,\ Thelebolus, is an exceptional case of ascomatal evolution within the order. Its species are the most diverse in functional traits, encompassing species with closed ascomata and evanescent asci, and species with open ascomata, active ascospore discharge, and paraphyses. Open ascomata were previously suggested as the ancestral state in the genus, these ascomata depend on mammals and birds as dispersal agents. In this scheme, species with closed ascomata, a lack of paraphyses, and passive ascospore discharge exhibit derived traits that evolved in adaptation to cold ecosystems. Here, we used morphological and phylogenetic methods, as well as the reconstruction of ancestral traits for ascomatal type, asci dehiscence, the presence or absence of paraphyses, and ascospore features to explore evolution within\ Thelebolales. We demonstrate the apothecial ancestry in\ Thelebolales\ and propose a new hypothesis about the evolution of the open ascomata in\ Thelebolus, involving a process of re-evolution where the active dispersal of ascospores appears independently twice within the order. We propose a new family,\ Holwayaceae, within\ Thelebolales, that retains the phenotypic features exhibited by species of\ Thelebolus, i.e., pigmented capitate paraphyses and active asci discharge with an opening limitation ring}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/4/583}, author = {Quijada, L. and Mato{\v c}ec, N. and Ku{\v s}an, I. and Tanney, J.B. and Johnston, P. R. and Me{\v s}i{\'c}, A. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1433737, title = {(2863) Proposal to conserve the name Golovinomyces against Euoidium (Ascomycota: Erysiphaceae)}, journal = {Taxon}, volume = {71}, year = {2022}, pages = {459}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/tax.12692}, author = {Braun, U. and Bradshaw, M. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1432100, title = {(2864) Proposal to conserve the name Microsphaera alphitoides (Erysiphe alphitoides) (Ascomycota: Erysiphaceae) with a conserved type.}, journal = {Taxon}, year = {2022}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/tax.12693}, author = {Braun, U. and Bradshaw, M. and Pfister D.H .} } @article {1424158, title = {Endophytism and endolichenism in Pezizomycetes: the exception or the rule?}, journal = {New Phytologist}, year = {2021}, url = {https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nph.17886}, author = {Healy, R. A. and Arnold, A. E. and Bonito, G. and Huang, Y. and Lemmond, B. and Pfister D.H . and Smith M.A.} } @article {1421380, title = {Wanted on Agave americana! Hymenobolus agaves, an overlooked introduced pathogen in the western palearctic region}, journal = {Fungal Systematics and Evolution}, volume = {8}, year = {2021}, pages = {129-142}, abstract = {Hymenobolus agaves has been reported only in Europe and Africa on the American plant Agave americana (Asparagaceae). This fungus has never been found in the native range of its host, in arid ecosystems of northern and central Mexico and Texas, USA. It has been suggested to be a pathogen that can kill its host. The fungus grows on succulent leaf bases of the plant. The morphology {\textendash} black apothecia with a hymenium that disintegrates when asci mature and dark ornamented ascospores {\textendash} make this species very distinctive, but it has been collected and reported only a few times since its first description. Its systematic position has been unclear, and it has been treated as incertae sedis, that is of uncertain placement, in Leotiomycetes. With recent collections and additional data on the ecology of H. agaves, we use integrative taxonomy (DNA sequences, morphology, ecology) to show its relationships is with Cenangiaceae.}, url = {https://www.fuse-journal.org/images/Issues/Vol8Art10.pdf}, author = {Ribes, M.A. and Escobio, V. and Negr{\'\i}n, R. and Baral, H.O. and Pfister D.H .} } @article {1413235, title = {Methods for observing, culturing, and studying living ascospores}, journal = {Asian Journal of Mycology}, volume = {4}, year = {2021}, pages = {1-18}, abstract = {Ascospore morphologies provide important characters with which to diagnose and describe taxa in\ Ascomycota. Ascospore features such as size, shape, color, septation, wall thickness, and guttulation, among others, are provided in identification manuals and descriptions of new species. Yet, by tradition, ascospores are usually described from dead fungarium material, and unfortunately, occasionally from immature or overmature ones. However, living, mature ascospores display a wealth of taxonomically informative morphological features that are lost or obscured when they die. Examples of the severe morphological changes that ascospores undergo when they die are provided here. Data from living ascospores may not be observed and recorded by mycologists because field and laboratory practices do not prioritize the study of freshly collected specimens. In this review, we discuss how to assess ascospore maturity and describe methods to produce an ascospore deposit for the purpose of obtaining living, mature ascospores. Ascospores are ejected from living, mature asci onto a cover glass or growth medium. The ascospores collected on these surfaces can be used in microscopy and culture studies. Notes on a method for isolating conidia on growth medium are also provided. This guide is aimed at those who have a basic understanding of ascomycetes, including the various types of ascomata and mechanisms of ascospore liberation. Methods given in this paper are primarily applied to ascomycete fungi that have active ascospore discharge. Some methods may be adapted for use with other groups that have passive discharge. Our purpose is to promote standardized, accurate, and thorough morphological characterization of living ascospores, as well as to encourage the routine employment of culture-based methods.}, url = {https://asianjournalofmycology.org/pdf/AJOM_4_2_1-1.pdf}, author = {Karakehian, J. M. and Quijada, L. and Pfister, D.H. and Tocci, G.E. and Miller, A. N.} } @article {1408047, title = {Peziza nivalis - constant species or species complex?}, journal = {OMPHALINA}, volume = {XII}, year = {2021}, author = {Voitk, A. and Lebeuf, R. and Pfister, D.H.} } @inbook {1405438, title = {Pezizomycetes}, booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Mycology}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Elsevier}, organization = {Elsevier}, abstract = {Introduction The Pezizomycetes comprise a single order, Pezizales, with \> 22 families currently recognized. Along with the Orbiliomycetes, the class represents one of the basal lineages among the filamentous Ascomycota (Shen et al., 2020). The class is thought to have originated between 400 and 540 mya (Beimforde et al., 2014; Martin et al., 2010; Murat et al., 2018). The full diversity of the order has yet to be completely documented since previously undetected lineages continue to be found through application of molecular methods. There are approximately 200 genera and perhaps 2000 species. Ascomata are epigeous (above ground), or hypogeous (below ground). The truffles of commerce belong to this latter group. The epigeous ascomata are apotl1ecial, deistothecial or are highly reduced. The reduced forms are composed of only a few asci in dusters on vegetative hyphae with little or no sterile supporting tissue ( excipulum). In the ep,lppigeous lineages, ascospores are generally forcibly released by an opening at the ascus apex resulting in the formation of an operculum, or lid. Hypogeous members occur in several of the families. There are at least 30 independent origins of truffle-like members (Alvarado et al., 2011, 2016; Cabera et al., 2016; Grupe et al., 2019; llansen et al., 2013; Kraisitu-domsook et al., 2019; Kumar et al., 2017; Laessoe and Hansen, 2007; Smith, 2014; Smith and Healy, 2009; Trappe et al., 2010)}, author = {Pfister, D.H. and Healy, R. A.} } @article {1394315, title = {Sareomycetes: more diverse than meets the eye}, journal = {IMA Fungus}, volume = {12}, year = {2021}, abstract = {

Since its resurrection, the resinicolous discomycete genus\ Sarea\ has been accepted as containing two species, one with black apothecia and pycnidia, and one with orange. We investigate this hypothesis using three ribosomal (nuITS, nuLSU, mtSSU) regions from and morphological examination of 70 specimens collected primarily in Europe and North America. The results of our analyses support separation of the traditional\ Sarea difformis s.l.\ and\ Sarea resinae s.l.\ into two distinct genera,\ Sarea\ and\ Zythia.\ Sarea\ as circumscribed is shown to comprise three phylospecies, with one corresponding to\ Sarea difformis s.s.\ and two, morphologically indistinguishable, corresponding to the newly combined\ Sarea coeloplata.\ Zythia\ is maintained as monotypic, containing only a genetically and morphologically variable\ Z. resinae. The new genus\ Atrozythia\ is erected for the new species\ A. klamathica.\ Arthrographis lignicola\ is placed in this genus on molecular grounds, expanding the concept of\ Sareomycetes\ by inclusion of a previously unknown type of anamorph. Dating analyses using additional marker regions indicate the emergence of the\ Sareomycetes\ was roughly concurrent with the diversification of the genus\ Pinus, suggesting that this group of fungi emerged to exploit the newly-available resinous ecological niche supplied by\ Pinus\ or another, extinct group of conifers. Our phylogeographic studies also permitted us to study the introductions of these fungi to areas where they are not native, including Antarctica, Cape Verde, and New Zealand and are consistent with historical hypotheses of introduction.

}, url = {https://imafungus.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s43008-021-00056-0}, author = {Mitchell, J.K. and Garrido-Benavent, I. and Quijada, L. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1394061, title = {First collection of the asexual state of Trichaleurina javanica from nature and the placement of Kumanasamuha}, journal = {Asian Journal of Mycology}, volume = {4}, year = {2021}, pages = {19-28}, abstract = {Ascomata of Trichaleurina javanica (Pezizomycetes) are encountered frequently in nature in tropical Asia. Its anamorphic state has been described previously as similar to Kumanasamuha. Our study describes the unusual anamorphic fungal specimen, MOZ170, collected from Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique. The fungal strain MOZ170 is identified using ribosomal DNA sequence data, its morphology is described, and morphological differences between the naturally growing anamorph and in vitro derived culture are compared. Phylogenetic placement of Kumanasamuha sundara was also determined using available data. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial large ribosomal subunit (LSU) were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses of LSU supported MOZ170 as the anamorph of T. javanica, and revealed the proper placement of the type species of Kumanasamuha, i.e., K. sundara, within the Dothideomycetes. MOZ170 is characterized by its dark conidiophores growing in tufts, and conidia with curved, appressed crests and ridges. The comparison between naturally growing and in vitro grown cultures showed that the in vitro cultured anamorph had larger conidiogenous cells, larger conidia, and longer and more numerous lateral fertile branches compared to the fungus in nature. The present report represents the first anamorph collected from nature for this genus and one of the few natural collections of the anamorphic state within Chorioactidaceae with the exception of those of Desmazierella species.}, url = {https://gorongosa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Iturriaga-et-al.-2021-First-collection-of-the-sexual-state-of-Trichaleurina-javanica-from-nature-and-the-placement-of-Kumanasamuha.pdf}, author = {Iturriaga, T. and Raudabaugh, D.B. and Karakehian J.M. and Miller, A. N. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1390379, title = {Notes on Trochila (Ascomycota, Leotiomycetes), with new species and combinations}, journal = {MycoKeys}, year = {2021}, pages = {21-47}, abstract = {

Full Citation:

G{\'o}mez-Zapata P.A., D. Haelewaters, L. Quijada, D.H. Pfister and M.C. Aime. 2021. Notes on Trochila (Ascomycota, Leotiomycetes), with new species and combinations. MycoKeys 78: 21-47.

Studies of\ Trochila\ (Leotiomycetes,\ Helotiales,\ Cenangiaceae) are scarce. Here, we describe two new species based on molecular phylogenetic data and morphology.\ Trochila\ bostonensis\ was collected at the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area, Massachusetts. It was found on the stem of\ Asclepias\ syriaca, representing the first report of any\ Trochila\ species from a plant host in the family\ Apocynaceae.\ Trochila\ urediniophila\ is associated with the uredinia of the rust fungus\ Cerotelium\ fici. It was discovered during a survey for rust hyperparasites conducted at the Arthur Fungarium, in a single sample from 1912 collected in Trinidad. Macro- and micromorphological descriptions, illustrations, and molecular phylogenetic analyses are presented. The two new species are placed in\ Trochila\ with high support in both our six-locus (SSU,\ ITS,\ LSU,\ rpb1,\ rpb2,\ tef1) and two-locus (ITS,\ LSU) phylogenetic reconstructions. In addition, two species are combined in\ Trochila:\ Trochila\ colensoi\ (formerly placed in\ Pseudopeziza) and\ T.\ xishuangbanna\ (originally described as the only species in\ Calycellinopsis). This study reveals new host plant families, a new ecological strategy, and a new country record for the genus\ Trochila. Finally, our work emphasizes the importance of specimens deposited in biological collections such as fungaria.

}, url = {https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/62046/download/pdf/}, author = {G{\'o}mez-Zapata,PA and Haelewaters, D and Quijada, L and Pfister, DH and Aime, MC} } @article {1387258, title = {FungalTraits: a user-friendly traits database of fungi and fungus-like stramenopiles.}, journal = {Fungal Diversity}, year = {2021}, abstract = {
P{\~o}lme, S., K. Abarenkov, R.H. Nilsson, B.D .Lindahl, K.E. Clemmensen, H. Kauserud, N. Nguyen, R. Kj{\o}ller, S.T.\  Bates, P. Baldrian, T.G. Fr{\o}slev, K. Adojaan, A. Vizzini, A.Suija, D.H. Pfister, et al. 2021. FungalTraits: a user-friendly traits database of fungi and fungus-like stramenopiles. Fungal Diversity.


The cryptic lifestyle of most fungi necessitates molecular identification of the guild in environmental studies. Over the past decades, rapid development and affordability of molecular tools have tremendously improved insights of the fungal diversity in all ecosystems and habitats. Yet, in spite of the progress of molecular methods, knowledge about functional properties of the fungal taxa is vague and interpretation of environmental studies in an ecologically meaningful manner remains challenging. In order to facilitate functional assignments and ecological interpretation of environmental studies we introduce a user friendly traits and character database FungalTraits operating at genus and species hypothesis levels. Combining the information from previous efforts such as FUNGuild and FunFun together with involvement of expert knowledge, we reannotated 10,210 and 151 fungal and Stramenopila genera, respectively. This resulted in a stand-alone spreadsheet dataset covering 17 lifestyle related traits of fungal and Stramenopila genera, designed for rapid functional assignments of environmental studies. In order to assign the trait states to fungal species hypotheses, the scientific community of experts manually categorised and assigned available trait information to 697,413 fungal ITS sequences. On the basis of those sequences we were able to summarise trait and host information into 92,623 fungal species hypotheses at 1\% dissimilarity threshold.

}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00466-2}, author = {K.Abarenkov and Nilsson, R. H. and Lindahl, B.D. and Clemmensen, K.E. and Kauserud, H. and Nguyen, N. and Kj{\o}ller, R and Bates, S. T. and Baldrian, P. and Fr{\o}slev, T.G. and Adojaan, K. and Vizzini, A. and Suija, A. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1369527, title = {Laboulbeniomycetes: Intimate Fungal Associates of Arthropods}, journal = {Annual Review of Entomology}, volume = {66}, year = {2021}, month = {2021}, pages = {1-20}, abstract = {Arthropod{\textendash}fungus interactions involving the Laboulbeniomycetes have been pondered for several hundred years. Early studies of Laboulbeniomycetes faced several uncertainties. Were they parasitic worms, red algal relatives, or fungi? If they were fungi, to which group did they belong? What was the nature of their interactions with their arthropod hosts? The historical misperceptions resulted from the extraordinary morphological features of these oddly constructed ectoparasitic fungi. More recently, molecular phylogenetic studies, in combination with a better understanding of life histories, have clearly placed these fungi among filamentous Ascomycota (subphylum Pezizomycotina). Species discovery and research on the classification of the group continue today as arthropods, and especially insects, are routinely collected and examined for the presence of Laboulbeniomycetes. Newly armed with molecular methods, mycologists are poised to use Laboulbeniomycetes{\textendash}insect associations as models for the study of a variety of basic evolutionary and ecological questions involving host{\textendash}parasite relationships, modes of nutrient intake, population biology, host specificity, biological control, and invasion biology. Collaboration between mycologists and entomologists is essential to successfully advance knowledge of Laboulbeniomycetes and their intimate association with their hosts.}, url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/eprint/TZRCVFG2JJAUDB7TG6ZG/full/10.1146/annurev-ento-013020-013553}, author = {Haelewaters, D. and Blackwell, M. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1439866, title = {Mortality of native and invasive ladybirds co-infected by ectoparasitic and entomopathogenic fungi.}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = { 8}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Harmonia axyridis\ is an invasive alien ladybird in North America and Europe. Studies show that multiple natural enemies are using\ Ha. axyridis\ as a new host. However, thus far, no research has been undertaken to study the effects of simultaneous infection by multiple natural enemies on\ Ha. axyridis. We hypothesized that high thallus densities of the ectoparasitic fungus\ Hesperomyces virescens\ on a ladybird weaken the host{\textquoteright}s defenses, thereby making it more susceptible to infection by other natural enemies. We examined mortality of the North American-native\ Olla v-nigrum\ and\ Ha. axyridis\ co-infected with\ He. virescens\ and an entomopathogenic fungus{\textemdash}either\ Beauveria bassiana\ or\ Metarhizium brunneum. Laboratory assays revealed that\ He. virescens-infected\ O. v-nigrum\ individuals are more susceptible to entomopathogenic fungi, but\ Ha. axyridis\ does not suffer the same effects. This is in line with the enemy release hypothesis, which predicts that invasive alien species in new geographic areas experience reduced regulatory effects from natural enemies compared to native species. Considering our results, we can ask how\ He. virescens\ affects survival when confronted by other pathogens that previously had little impact on\ Ha. axyridis.}, url = {https://peerj.com/articles/10110/}, author = {Haelewaters, D. and Hiller, T. and Kemp, E. and van Wielink, P.S. and Shapiro-Ilan, D.I. and Aime, M. C. and Nedved, O. and Pfister D.H . and Cotrell, Ted F.} } @article {1422936, title = {Cryptic speciation in Orbilia xanthostigma and O. leucostigma (Orbiliomycetes): an aggregate with worldwide distribution}, journal = {Mycological Progress }, volume = {20}, year = {2020}, pages = {1503{\textendash}1537}, abstract = {Orbilia xanthostigma, with golden yellow to yellow-orange apothecia and\ O. leucostigma, with white to very pale rose-lilaceous apothecia, were described by E.M. Fries over 200\ years ago. Each of the two taxa, which are not easy to interpret because type material is lacking, was proposed in the past as lectotype of the genus\ Orbilia. In the here presented circumscription, which follows the current usage,\ O. xanthostigma\ is among the most frequently recorded species of the genus, whereas\ O. leucostigma\ appears to be much less common. Both grow gregariously on decorticated hygric gymno- and angiosperm wood or rarely bark and show a worldwide distribution. They are characterised by minute, strongly curved, warted ascospores and a dicranidion-like anamorph. Except for apothecial colour, there are no other notable morphological differences between them, either in the teleomorph (asci, ascospores, paraphyses) or anamorph (conidiophores, conidia). Because of their strong similarities, the two taxa have often been treated as infraspecific variants (subspecies, varieties) of a single species or even as synonyms. In order to overcome the ambiguities associated with the two names,\ O. delicatula, a name proposed by P.A. Karsten for a collection with golden yellow apothecia, was suggested by B. Spooner as a replacement name for them. The present study reveals unexpectedly high ITS and LSU variation within a morphologically extremely homogeneous group, representing over 16 more or less invariable genotypes whenever more than one sample with a sequence was available. ITS and LSU rDNA data from European (Luxembourg, Germany, Ukraine) and Macaronesian (Tenerife) collections suggest that the two colour variants represent two distinct species with a 16.5\% ITS and 3.5\% LSU D1{\textendash}D2 distance, but very low infraspecific variation (0.2\% ITS, 0\% LSU). A sample with scattered yellow apothecia from Luxembourg on a xeric branch deviates from typical European-Macaronesian\ O. xanthostigma\ by 4\% (ITS) and 0.7\% (LSU). Further available sequences from samples from Asia, New Zealand and North America with mainly yellow apothecia clustered in various other clades that represent further distinct genotypes. In the absence of morphological characteristics, none of these genotypes are given names pending further investigation. Only two of these genotypes are sufficiently distinct to be recognised morphologically:\ O. aureocrenulata\ from tropical, Middle and South America, with golden yellow apothecia with a crenulate margin and prominent stipe, and\ O. xanthoflexa\ from temperate, northeastern North America with yellow sessile apothecia with a smooth margin and larger, less curved, smooth-walled ascospores.}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11557-021-01718-4$\#$citeas}, author = {Baral, H.O. and Johnston, P. and Quijada L. and Healy, R. A. and Pfister, D.H. and LoBuglio, K. F. and Rodriguez, V. and Weber, E.} } @article {1394441, title = {Proposal to conserve the name Cytospora resinae (Zythia resinae) with a conserved type (Ascomycota)}, journal = {Taxon: The Journal of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy}, volume = {69}, year = {2020}, pages = {1102-1103}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/tax.12328}, author = {Mitchell, J.K. and Quijada L.} } @article {1394332, title = {Proposal to conserve the name Dendrostilbella prasinula against Stilbum viridipes, Belonidium viridiatrum, and B. clarkei (Ascomycota).}, journal = {Taxon: The Journal of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy.}, volume = {69}, year = {2020}, pages = {1103-1104}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/tax.12330}, author = {Mitchell, J.K. and Quijada L.} } @article {1389286, title = {Inspired by Plants: The Glass Flowers as a Window into Botanical Education}, journal = {Journal of Antiques \& Collectibles }, year = {2020}, abstract = {The Glass Flowers exhibit is one of the major attractions at the Harvard Museum of Natural History. This remarkable collection is the product of the father and son artists-naturalists, Leopold (1822-1895) and Rudolf Blaschka (1857-1939). These renowned artists and glassworkers created life-like models that allow museum visitors to experience both the familiar and the exotic. Their masterful work, informed by detailed studies of each plant from nature, employed inventive methods to shape and color glass; they developed methods to mimic the surface textures and colors of leaves, branches, and flowers. Why did the Blaschkas produce this collection and who inspired them in this endeavor? To answer this question, we look deeply into the initiation of the project and the era in which the models were made.}, author = {Pfister, D.H. and Brown, J} } @article {1379950, title = {Mortality of native and invasive ladybirds co-infected by ectoparasitic and entomopathogenic fungi.}, journal = {Zoological Science}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Harmonia axyridis\ is an invasive alien ladybird in North America and Europe. Studies show that multiple natural enemies are using\ Ha. axyridis\ as a new host. However, thus far, no research has been undertaken to study the effects of simultaneous infection by multiple natural enemies on\ Ha. axyridis. We hypothesized that high thallus densities of the ectoparasitic fungus\ Hesperomyces virescens\ on a ladybird weaken the host{\textquoteright}s defenses, thereby making it more susceptible to infection by other natural enemies. We examined mortality of the North American-native\ Olla v-nigrum\ and\ Ha. axyridis\ co-infected with\ He. virescens\ and an entomopathogenic fungus{\textemdash}either\ Beauveria bassiana\ or\ Metarhizium brunneum. Laboratory assays revealed that\ He. virescens-infected\ O. v-nigrum\ individuals are more susceptible to entomopathogenic fungi, but\ Ha. axyridis\ does not suffer the same effects. This is in line with the enemy release hypothesis, which predicts that invasive alien species in new geographic areas experience reduced regulatory effects from natural enemies compared to native species. Considering our results, we can ask how\ He. virescens\ affects survival when confronted by other pathogens that previously had little impact on\ Ha. axyridis. View Infographic here}, url = {https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10110}, author = {Haelewaters, D. and Hiller, T. and Kemp, E.A and van Wielink, P.S. and Shapiro-Ilan, D.I. and Aime, M. C. and Nedved, O. and Pfister, D.H. and Cottrell, T.E.} } @presentation {1352395, title = {Exploration of marine lichenized fungi as bioindicators of coastal ocean pollution in the Boston Harbor Islands National Park}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

View Poster Presentation online or as a PDF

Presented at the\ Mycological Society of America{\textquoteright}s "MSA 2020: Mycology from the Cloud" virtual conference.

}, author = {Nokes, L. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1332105, title = {New species of Pseudosperma (Agaricales, Inocybaceae) from Pakistan revealed by morphology and multi-locus phylogenetic reconstruction}, journal = {MycoKeys}, year = {2020}, pages = {1-31}, abstract = {During fungal surveys between 2012 and 2014 in pine-dominated forests of the western Himalayas in Pakistan, several collections of\ Pseudosperma\ (Agaricales,\ Inocybaceae) were made. These were documented, based on morphological and molecular data. During this work, three new species came to light, which are here formally described as\ Pseudosperma\ brunneoumbonatum,\ P.\ pinophilum\ and\ P.\ triacicularis. These species belong in the genus\ Pseudosperma\ fide\ Matheny et al (2019)\ =\ Pseudosperma\ clade\ fide\ Matheny (2005)\ =\ Inocybe\ sect.\ Rimosae\ s.s.\ fide\ Larsson et al. (2009). Macro- and micro-morphological descriptions, illustrations and molecular phylogenetic reconstructions of the studied taxa are provided. The new species are differentiated from their close relatives by basidiospore size and colouration of basidiomata. Molecular phylogenetic relationships are inferred using\ ITS\ (ITS1{\textendash}5.8S{\textendash}ITS2),\ nrLSU\ and\ mtSSU\ sequence data. All three newly-described taxa likely share an ectomycorrhizal association with trees in the genus\ Pinus. In addition, five names are recombined in\ Inosperma,\ Mallocybe\ and\ Pseudosperma. These are\ Inosperma\ vinaceobrunneum,\ Mallocybe\ erratum,\ Pseudosperma\ alboflavellum,\ Pseudosperma\ friabile\ and\ Pseudosperma\ neglectum.}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.69.33563}, author = {Saba, Malka and Haelewaters, Danny and Pfister, Donald and Khalid, Abdul Nasir} } @article {1312164, title = {Orbilia jesu-laurae (Ascomycota, Orbiliomycetes), a new species of neotropical nematode-trapping fungus from Puerto Rico, supported by morphology and molecular phylogenetics}, journal = {Willdenowia: Annals of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin}, volume = {50}, year = {2020}, pages = {241-251}, abstract = {Orbilia jesu-laurae is a new species of nematode-trapping fungus found on decorticated angiosperm wood in a tropical rainforest in Puerto Rico. The single specimen was studied from fresh apothecia and cultures. Morphology was studied and phylogenetic analysis (rDNA: ITS and LSU) was conducted using both sexual and asexual morphs. Nematodes were added to cultures to verify the formation and morphology of the trapping structures. Our results show that the species is in the Arthrobotrys clade, the phylogenetically closest relative being a possibly Mexican genotype with unknown morphology, erroneously referred to as Arthrobotrys musiformis in GenBank. Macro- and micromorphological, ecological and biogeographic data are provided along with a discussion of closely related species.}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50210}, author = {Luis Quijada and Baral, H.O. and Beltr{\'a}n-Tejera, E. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1287850, title = {Laboulbeniomycetes: Evolution, natural history, and Thaxter{\textquoteright}s final word}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {112}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Historically, thallus-forming Laboulbeniomycetes, including the orders Laboulbeniales and Herpomycetales, were set apart because of their distinctive morphology and ecology. Although some biologists correctly interpreted these arthropod ectoparasites as fungi, even ascomycetes, others thought they were worms, red algae, or members of taxa described especially for them. Speculation on the evolution of the group involving red algae, the morphology-based Floridean Hypothesis, persisted deep into the 20th century, in part because valid alternatives were not presented. Although the distinctive features of Laboulbeniales clearly set them apart from other fungi, the difficulty was in the absence of characters grouping them among the fungi. Thaxter considered the Laboulbeniales to be ascomycetes, but he avoided phylogenetic discussions involved in the Floridean Hypothesis all of his life. Eventually, developmental studies of the life history of\ Pyxidiophora\ species, hyphal perithecial ascomycetes with 2-celled ascospores, revealed characters connecting Laboulbeniales to other ascomycetes. The distinctive morphological features of Laboulbeniales (absence of mycelium, a thallus developed from 2-celled ascospores by cell divisions in several planes, arthropod parasitism) can be best understood by comparison with\ Pyxidiophora. The development of a 3-dimensional thallus composed of true parenchyma occurs not only in Laboulbeniales, but also in\ Pyxidiophora\ species. The life history of arthropod ectoparasitism of Laboulbeniales as well as mycoparasitism and phoretic dispersal by arthropods of\ Pyxidiophora\ species can be explained by Tranzschel{\textquoteright}s Law, originally applied to rust fungi. Molecular analyses including other arthropod-associated fungi have contributed to a better understanding of an enlarged class, Laboulbeniomycetes, which now includes a clade comprising\ Chantransiopsis, Tetrameronycha, and\ Subbaromyces. A two-locus phylogenetic tree highlights evolutionary and life history questions with regard to the placement of Herpomycetales as the first diverging lineage of the Laboulbeniomycetes. The sister group for all the Laboulbeniomycetes remains to be discovered.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00275514.2020.1718442}, author = {Blackwell, M. and Haelewaters, D. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1277454, title = {Sareomycetes cl. nov.: A new proposal for placement of the resinicolous genus Sarea (Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina)}, journal = {Fungal Systematics and Evolution}, volume = {6}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Full citation: Beimforde, C., Schmidt, A.R., Rikkinen, J. and J.K. Mitchell. 2020. Sareomycetes cl. nov.: A new proposal for placement of the resinicolous genus Sarea (Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina). Fungal Systematics and Evolution.

Resinicolous fungi constitute a heterogeneous assemblage of fungi that live on fresh and solidified plant resins. The genus\ Sarea\ includes, according to current knowledge, two species,\ S. resinae\ and\ S. difformis. In contrast to other resinicolous discomycetes, which are placed in genera also including non-resinicolous species,\ Sarea\ species only ever fruit on resin. The taxonomic classification of\ Sarea\ has proven to be difficult and currently the genus, provisionally and based only on morphological features, has been assigned to the\ Trapeliales\ (Lecanoromycetes). In contrast, molecular studies have noted a possible affinity to the\ Leotiomycetes. Here we review the taxonomic placement of\ Sarea\ using sequence data from seven phylogenetically informative DNA regions including ribosomal (ITS, nucSSU, mtSSU, nucLSU) and protein-coding (rpb1,\ rpb2,\ mcm7) regions.

We combined available and new sequence data with sequences from major\ Pezizomycotina\ classes, especially\ Lecanoromycetes\ and\ Leotiomycetes, and assembled three different taxon samplings in order to place the genus\ Sarea\ within the\ Pezizomycotina. Based on our data, none of the applied phylogenetic approaches (Bayesian Inference, Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony) supported the placement of\ Sarea\ in the\ Trapeliales\ or any other order in the\ Lecanoromycetes. A placement of\ Sarea\ within the\ Leotiomycetes\ is similarly unsupported. Based on our data, Sarea forms an isolated and highly supported phylogenetic lineage within the "Leotiomyceta". From the results of our multilocus phylogenetic analyses we propose here a new class, order, and family,\ Sareomycetes,\ Sareales\ and\ Sareaceae\ in the\ Ascomycota\ to accommodate the genus\ Sarea. The genetic variability within the newly proposed class suggests that it is a larger group that requires further infrageneric classification.

}, url = {https://www-ingentaconnect-com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/content/wfbi/fuse/pre-prints/content-f2_fuse_vol6_art2$\#$}, author = {C. Beimforde and A.R. Schmidt and J. Rikkinen and Mitchell, J.K.} } @article {1274516, title = {Draft Genome Sequence of the Globally Distributed Cockroach-Infecting Fungus Herpomyces periplanetae Strain D. Haelew. 1187d}, journal = {Microbiology Resource Announcements }, volume = {9}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Herpomyces periplanetae\ is an obligate biotroph of\ Periplaneta americana, the American cockroach. Its nearly cosmopolitan distribution is shaped by its globally invasive host and the international pet trade. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of\ H. periplanetae, based on a thallus from\ P. americana\ collected in Cambridge, Massachusetts}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01458-19}, author = {Haelewaters, D. and Okrasi{\'n}ska, A. and Gorczak, M. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1231858, title = {Geodina (Pezizomycetes: Wynneaceae) has a single widespread species in tropical America}, journal = {Fungal Systematics and Evolution}, volume = {5}, year = {2020}, pages = {131-138}, abstract = {

Geodina salmonicolor\ is shown to be a synonym of G. guanacastensis, the type and only species of the genus. Comparisons of ITS rDNA sequences of a paratype and two recent collections of G. guanacastensis with published ITS sequences of G. salmonicolor, from the Dominican Republic, show that these are nearly identical. When G. salmonicolor was erected no sequences of the type species were available. Morphological comparisons supports the conspecificity. Details regarding the description of G. salmonicolor are pointed out. A four-gene phylogeny places Geodina and Wynnea as a supported sister group to the rest of the Sarcoscyphaceae. Species in these genera share morphological traits of cyanophobic spore markings, dark angular outer excipular cells that give rise to hairs and the origin of several apothecia from a common basal stalk. Their occurrence on soil rather than on wood or plant material distinguish them from other Sarcoscyphaceae. Based on morphology, phylogenic relationships and trophic interactions we erect a new family, Wynneaceae, for Geodina and Wynnea.

}, url = {http://fuse-journal.org/images/Issues/Vol5Art8.pdf}, author = {Pfister, D.H. and Quijada, L. and LoBuglio, K. F.} } @article {1226205, title = {Cones, needles and wood: Micraspis (Micraspidaceae, Micraspidales fam. et ord. nov.) speciation segregates by host plant tissues}, journal = {Fungal Systematics and Evolution}, volume = {5}, year = {2020}, month = {June 2020}, pages = {99-111}, abstract = {Micraspis acicola was described more than 50 years ago to accommodate a phacidium-like fungus that caused a foliar disease of Picea mariana. After its publication, two more species were added, M. strobilina and M. tetraspora, all of them growing on Pinaceae in the Northern Hemisphere, but each species occupying a unique type of host tissue (needles, cones or wood). Micraspis is considered to be a member of class Leotiomycetes, but was originally placed in Phacidiaceae (Phacidiales), later transferred to Helotiaceae (Helotiales) and recently returned to Phacidiales but in a different family (Tympanidaceae). The genus remains poorly sampled, and hence poorly understood both taxonomically and ecologically. Here, we use morphology, cultures and sequences to provide insights into its systematic position in Leotiomycetes and its ecology. Our results show that the genus should not be included in Tympanidaceae or Phacidiaceae, and support the erection of a new family and order with a unique combination of morphological features supported by molecular data}, url = {http://fuse-journal.org/images/Issues/Vol5Art5.pdf}, author = {Quijada L and Tanney JB and Popov, E and Johnston, P. R. and Pfister, DH} } @presentation {1274527, title = {A new nematode trapping Orbilia from Puerto Rico Presented at the 2019 Mycological Society of America Annual Meeting }, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Little is known about the diversity of Orbiliomycetes from Puerto Rico. Cantrell \& Lodge (2008) compiled a list of the fungi from Puerto Rico, and only mentioned four species of Orbilia: O. andina, O. chysocoma, O. delicata and O. cf. gaillardii. During IMC11 in Puerto Rico, 2018, several collections of Orbiliomycetes were found in Juan Enrique Monagas Park during the Ascomycete workshop field trip. Some of these were sent to the Cornell and Farlow Herbaria. One collection caught the attention of Luis Quijada due to its interesting morphological features. This species is not related to any of the species reported by Cantrell \& Lodge (2008). The morphology of the asci and ascospores of the sexual morph clearly indicates a relationship with Orbilia auricolor and related species (section Arthrobotrys). The morphology of the strongly mammiform paraphyses and the excipulum with large cortical cells with knob-like glassy caps had never before seen in this section. Our cultures produced an Arthrobotrys-like anamorph most similar to the anamorph of O. blumenaviensis (= A. vermicola), but the conidia are distinctly smaller and never more than 1-septate. Molecular data supports the placement of this Orbilia in series Arthrobotrys. Species in this series produce adhesive networks as trapping organs in the presence of nematodes, and this behavior was confirmed in cultures of this Orbilia. Our phylogenetic analysis shows this species as very distinct from O. blumenaviensis and supports it being new to science.

}, author = {Quijada L. and Baral,H. and Iturriaga, T. and Mitchell, J. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1235690, title = {Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) of the Boston Harbor Islands II (and Other Localities): Species Parasitizing Carabidae, and the Laboulbenia flagellata Species Complex}, journal = {Northeastern Naturalist}, volume = {25}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This paper presents 13 new records of Laboulbenialean parasites on ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area in Massachusetts: Laboulbenia anoplogenii, L. casnoniae, L. clivinalis, L. egens, L. filifera, L. flagellata, L. inflata, L. macrotheca, L. pedicellata, L. terminalis, L. varia-bilis, L. vulgaris, and Peyritschiella geminata. Laboulbenia clivinalis and L. egens are new country records for the US. Moreover, we present additional localities for L. casnoniae, L. clivinalis, L. filifera, L. flagellata, L. inflata, L. pedicellata, L. variabilis, and L. vulgaris. The following new country records are presented: Laboulbenia clivinalis, L. filifera, and L. variabilis from Canada; L. flagellata from the Democratic Republic of the Congo; L. pedicellata from Ukraine; L. vulgaris from Croatia and Slovenia (and the first undoubtful record from Slovakia). Laboulbenia flagellata was found on 11 host species in the genera Agonum, Oxypselaphus, Patrobus, Platynus, and Pterostichus. Using this abundant material, we performed morphometrics to test the hypothesis that L. flagel-lata is a species complex. Specimens cannot be separated based on host genus (Agonum, Pterostichus). One parameter is significant between Pterostichus mutus and each of the 4 Agonum species after applying a strong Bonferroni P-value correction: H1T, the ratio of height of cell I (HC1) to total thallus length (TTL). In addition, we collected fresh material to be able to add a molecular phylogenetic component to test said hypothesis. We generated ITS and nrLSU ribosomal sequences of several species of Laboulbenia, including isolates of L. flagellata from multiple hosts. Phylogenetic inference of the concatenated dataset shows that L. flagellata isolates from 3 host species form 2 distinct clades, providing support for our hypothesis. We also show that L. coneglianensis is sepa-rate from L. flagellata, unequivocally ending a long-standing taxonomic debate. Finally, examination of Roland Thaxter{\textquoteright}s 1891{\textendash}1932 slides led to the designation of lectotypes for L. macrothecia, L. terminalis, and P. geminata.}, author = {Haelewaters, D. and De Kesel, A. and Gorczak, M. and Bao, K. and Gort, G. and Zhao, S.Y. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1231944, title = {Geopora ahmadii sp. nov. from Pakistan}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {134}, year = {2019}, pages = {377-389}, abstract = {A new species,\ Geopora ahmadii,\ is described and illustrated based on material from Punjab, Pakistan. This species is characterized by sessile, cup- to saucer-shaped, partly immersed apothecia with whitish to grayish hymenial surfaces; broad ellipsoid, mostly uniguttulate ascospores; and brown excipular hairs. Phylogenetic analyses of the nrDNA ITS region with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference methods reveal that\ G. ahmadii\ is distinct from other described\ Geopora\ species. A collection previously identified as\ Geopora arenosa\ from Rawalakot, Pakistan, likely represents a second locality of\ G. ahmadii.}, url = {https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mtax/mt/2019/00000134/00000002/art00021}, author = {Saba, M. and Haelewaters, D. and Iturriaga, T. and Ashraf, T. and Khalid, A.N. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1230696, title = {Resurrecting the genus Geomorium: Systematic study of fungi in the genera Underwoodia and Gymnohydnotrya (Pezizales) with the description of three new South American species}, journal = {Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi}, volume = {44}, year = {2019}, pages = {98-12}, abstract = {Molecular phylogenetic analyses have addressed the systematic position of several major Northern Hemisphere lineages of Pezizales but the taxa of the Southern Hemisphere remain understudied. This study focuses on the molecular systematics and taxonomy of Southern Hemisphere species currently treated in the genera Underwoodia and Gymnohydnotrya. Species in these genera have been identified as the monophyletic /gymnohydno-trya lineage, but no further research has been conducted to determine the evolutionary origin of this lineage or its relationship with other Pezizales lineages. Here, we present a phylogenetic study of fungal species previously described in Underwoodia and Gymnohydnotrya, with sampling of all but one described species. We revise the taxonomy of this lineage and describe three new species from the Patagonian region of South America. Our results show that none of these Southern Hemisphere species are closely related to Underwoodia columnaris, the type species of the genus Underwoodia. Accordingly, we recognize the genus Geomorium described by Spegazzini in 1922 for G. fuegianum. We propose the new family, Geomoriaceae fam. nov., to accommodate this phylogenetically and morphologically unique Southern Hemisphere lineage. Molecular dating estimated that Geomoriaceae started to diverge from its sister clade Tuberaceae c. 112 MYA, with a crown age for the family in the late Cretaceous (c. 67 MYA). This scenario fits well with a Gondwanan origin of the family before the split of Australia and South America from Antarctica during the Paleocene-Eocene boundary (c. 50 MYA).}, url = {https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj/pre-prints/content-nbc-persoonia-0519}, author = {Kraisitudomsook, N. and Healy, R. A. and Pfister, D.H. and Truong, C. and Nouhra, E. and Kuhar, F. and Mujic, A.B. and Trappe, J. M. and Smith, M. E.} } @presentation {1230272, title = {The Biology and Distribution of Morels in Southern Chile}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

View Poster

The harvesting of morels is a vital economic activity for local communities in Chile because they are a significant commercial export for the country. Although many species of morels produce ascomata in the absence of fire, abundant ascomata production occurs among some Morchella species when triggered by fire. The intentional burning of Nothofagus forests in Southern Chile, as a means to increase morel production, has become a problem and has negatively impacted ecosystems. Information on the distribution of morels in South America is limited. Spegazzini (1909) described M. patagonica from Argentina and Gamundi et al. (2004) listed five Morchella species from Patagonia and surrounding areas including Spegazzini{\textquoteright}s species. Recently Pildain et al. (2014) and Baroni et al. (2018) have examined diversity of Morchella species in South America and the Caribbean using molecular methods. To better understand which Morchella species are being commercially harvested in Southern Chile, molecular markers were used to identify collections of morels being harvested and/or sold commercially and determine their phylogenetic relationships. Morels were sampled from collections in the Fungarium of the Fundaci{\'o}n Fungi, Chile (FFCL) and batches purchased from commercial harvesters and bulk gatherers in 2015 and 2016. DNA sequence from the EF1a, RPB1, ITS and RPB2 were obtained and used for phylogenetic analyses. This study will contribute to the knowledge of morels in South America and help to understand their phylogenetic relationships with other Morchella species found worldwide.

}, author = {Furci, Giulianna and LoBuglio. Katherine F. and Donald H. Pfister} } @article {1228614, title = {The Asian-Melanesian bambusicolous genus Myriodiscus is related to the genus Tympanis, the North American-European tree pathogen}, journal = {Forest Pathology}, volume = {49}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Species of Tympanis are well-known pathogens in Holarctic forests, but we know lit- tle about their relationship to other genera in Tympanidaceae. The genus Myriodiscus, remarkable macroscopically and a possible pathogen on bamboo, has a complicated taxonomic history and has not been conclusively placed phylogenetically. Species of Myriodiscus have been described under two other generic names, Ascotremellopsis and Gelatinomyces, the latter being related to the pathogenic genus Collophorina. There has been no formal synonymy of these three bambusicolous genera or agree- ment on their systematic positions. We combine accurate micromorphology and DNA sequence data to show the link between Tympanis and Myriodiscus and reveal previously unrecognized features of the latter. These two genera show a type of ascus development unique in the Leotiomycetes. With this new data, we have re- solved past confusions over the identity of these fungi, determined their systematic position and have proposed the proper synonymies for Myriodiscus sparassoides and one new combination (M. conus).}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/efp.12532}, author = {Quijada, L. and Mitchell, J.K. and Popov, E and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1215740, title = {Disentangling the identity of the genus Biatorellina (Leotiomycetes, Ascomycota)}, journal = {Phytotaxa}, volume = {411}, year = {2019}, pages = {183-193}, abstract = {The monotypic genus\ Biatorellina\ is currently considered a taxonomic synonym of\ Tryblidiopsis\ but has an obscure and complicated history. During the revision of the genus\ Tympanis\ a syntype of\ Biatorellina buchsii\ was fortuitously found and reviewed. Initially our revision led to the hypothesis that\ B. buchsii\ could be conspecific with\ Tympanis confusa. A bibliographic and morphological revision, together with a biometric study, was done using the syntype of\ B. buchsii\ and specimens of\ Tympanisconfusa\ to verify the identity of the genus\ Biatorellina. Our results show an overlap in the morphology, biometry, distribution and ecology of\ B. buchsii\ (=\ Tympanis buchsii) and\ Tympanis confusa. The identity and the placement of\ Biatorellina\ is resolved and\ B. buchsii\ is proposed as a synonym of\ Tympanis confus.}, url = {https://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.411.3.2}, author = {Quijada, L. and Polhorsky, A. and Mitchell, J. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1202232, title = {A multigene phylogeny toward a new phylogenetic classification of Leotiomycetes}, journal = {IMA Fungus}, volume = {1}, year = {2019}, pages = {1}, abstract = {

Fungi in the class\ Leotiomycetes\ are ecologically diverse, including mycorrhizas, endophytes of roots and leaves, plant pathogens, aquatic and aero-aquatic hyphomycetes, mammalian pathogens, and saprobes. These fungi are commonly detected in cultures from diseased tissue and from environmental DNA extracts. The identification of specimens from such character-poor samples increasingly relies on DNA sequencing. However, the current classification of\ Leotiomycetes\ is still largely based on morphologically defined taxa, especially at higher taxonomic levels. Consequently, the formal\ Leotiomycetes\ classification is frequently poorly congruent with the relationships suggested by DNA sequencing studies. Previous class-wide phylogenies of\ Leotiomycetes\ have been based on ribosomal DNA markers, with most of the published multi-gene studies being focussed on particular genera or families. In this paper we collate data available from specimens representing both sexual and asexual morphs from across the genetic breadth of the class, with a focus on generic type species, to present a phylogeny based on up to 15 concatenated genes across 279 specimens. Included in the dataset are genes that were extracted from 72 of the genomes available for the class, including 10 new genomes released with this study. To test the statistical support for the deepest branches in the phylogeny, an additional phylogeny based on 3156 genes from 51 selected genomes is also presented. To fill some of the taxonomic gaps in the 15-gene phylogeny, we further present an ITS gene tree, particularly targeting ex-type specimens of generic type species.
A small number of novel taxa are proposed:\ Marthamycetales\ ord. nov., and\ Drepanopezizaceae\ and\ Mniaeciaceae\ fams. nov. The formal taxonomic changes are limited in part because of the ad hoc nature of taxon and specimen selection, based purely on the availability of data. The phylogeny constitutes a framework for enabling future taxonomically targeted studies using deliberate specimen selection. Such studies will ideally include designation of epitypes for the type species of those genera for which DNA is not able to be extracted from the original type specimen, and consideration of morphological characters whenever genetically defined clades are recognized as formal taxa within a classification.

}, url = {https://imafungus.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s43008-019-0002-x}, author = {Johnston, P. R. and Quijada, L. and Smith, C.A. and Baral, H.O. and Hosoya, T. and Baschien, C. and P{\"a}rtel, K. and Zhuang, W.Y. and Haelewaters, D. and Park, D.~ and Carl, S.} } @article {1176051, title = {Placement of Triblidiaceae in Rhytismatales and comments on unique ascospore morphologies in Leotiomycetes (Fungi, Ascomycota)}, journal = {MycoKeys}, volume = {54}, year = {2019}, pages = {99{\textendash}133}, abstract = {

Triblidiaceae is a family of uncommonly encountered, non-lichenized discomycetes. A recent classification circumscribed the family to include Triblidium (4 spp. and 1 subsp.), Huangshania (2 spp.) and Pseudographis (2 spp. and 1 var.). The apothecia of these fungi are persistent and drought-tolerant; they possess stromatic, highly melanized covering layers that open and close with fluctuations of humidity. Triblidialean fungi occur primarily on the bark of Quercus, Pinaceae and Ericaceae, presumably as saprobes. Though the type species of Huangshania is from China, these fungi are mostly known from collections originating from Western Hemisphere temperate and boreal forests. The higher-rank classification of triblidialean fungi has been in flux due in part to an overemphasis on ascospore morphology. Muriform ascospores are observed in species of Triblidium and in Pseudographis elatina. An intense, dark blue/purple ascospore wall reaction in iodine-based reagents is observed in species of Pseudographis. These morphologies have led, in part, to these genera being shuffled among unrelated taxa in Hysteriaceae (Dothideomycetes, Hysteriales) and Graphidaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ostropales). Triblidiaceae has been placed within the monofamilial order Triblidiales (affinity Lecanoromycetes). Here, we demonstrate with a three-gene phylogenetic approach that triblidialean fungi are related to taxa in Rhytismatales (Leotiomycetes). We synonymize Triblidiales under Rhytismatales and emend Triblidiaceae to include Triblidium and Huangshania, with Pseudographis placed within Rhytismataceae. A history of Triblidiaceae is provided along with a description of the emended family. We discuss how the inclusion of triblidialean fungi in Rhytismatales brings some rarely observed or even unique ascospore morphologies to the order and to Leotiomycetes.

}, author = {Karakehian JM and Quijada L and Friebes G and Tanney JB and Pfister DH} } @article {1164122, title = {On the co-occurrence of species of Wynnea (Ascomycota, Pezizales, Sarcoscyphaceae) and Armillaria (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Physalacriaceae)}, journal = {Fungal Systematics and Evolution}, volume = {4}, year = {2019}, pages = {1-12}, abstract = {

Abstract: Species of the genus Wynnea are collected in association with a subterranean mass generally referred to as a sclerotium.

This is one of the few genera of the Sarcoscyphaceae not associated with plant material {\textendash} wood or leaves. The sclerotium is

composed of hyphae of both Armillaria species and Wynnea species. To verify the existence of Armillaria species in the sclerotia of

those Wynnea species not previously examined and to fully understand the structure and nature of the sclerotium, molecular data

and morphological characters were analyzed. Using nuclear ITS rDNA sequences the Armillaria species co-occurring with Wynnea

species were identified from all examined material. These Armillaria symbionts fall into two main Armillaria groups {\textendash} the A. gallicanabsnona-

calvescens group and the A. mellea group. Divergent time estimates of the Armillaria and Wynnea lineages support a

co-evolutionary relationship between these two fungi.

}, author = {Xu, F and LoBuglio, K. F. and Pfister, DH} } @article {1161902, title = {Systematic study of truffles in the genus Ruhlandiella , with the description of two new species from Patagonia}, journal = {Mycologia}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Ruhlandiella\ is a genus of exothecial, ectomycorrhizal fungi in the order Pezizales. Ascomata of exothecial fungi typically lack a peridium and are covered with a hymenial layer instead.\ Ruhlandiella\ species have nonoperculate asci and highly ornamented ascospores. The genus was first described by Hennings in 1903 to include the single species,\ R. berolinensis. Since then, mycologists have uncovered\ Ruhlandiella\ species in many locations around the globe, including Australia, Spain, Italy, and the USA. Currently, there are four recognized species:\ R. berolinensis, R. peregrina, R. reticulata, and\ R. truncata. All were found near\ Eucalyptus\ or\ Melaleuca\ trees of Australasian origin. Recently, we discovered two new species of\ Ruhlandiella\ in Nothofagaceae forests in South America. They regularly form mitotic spore mats directly on soil in the forests of Patagonia. Here, we formally describe these new species and construct the phylogeny of\ Ruhlandiella\ and related genera using a multilocus phylogenetic analysis. We also revise the taxonomy of\ Ruhlandiella\ and provide an identification key to accepted species of\ Ruhlandiella.}, author = {Nattapol Kraisitudomsook and Rosanne A. Healy and Mujic, Alija B. and Donald H. Pfister and Nouhra, Eduardo R. and Matthew E. Smith} } @article {1158663, title = {Birth of an order: Comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study excludes Herpomyces (Fungi, Labouleniomycetes) from Laboulbeniales}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {133}, year = {2019}, pages = {286-301}, abstract = {The class Laboulbeniomycetes comprises biotrophic parasites associated with arthropods and fungi. Two orders are currently recognized, Pyxidiophorales and Laboulbeniales. Herpomyces is an isolated genus of Laboulbeniales, with species that exclusively parasitize cockroaches (Blattodea). Here, we evaluate 39 taxa of Laboulbeniomycetes with a three-locus phylogeny (nrSSU, ITS, nrLSU) and propose a new order in this class. Herpomycetales accommodates a single genus, Herpomyces, with currently 26 species, one of which is described here based on morphological and molecular data. Herpomyces shelfordellae is found on Shelfordella lateralis cockroaches from Hungary, Poland, and the USA. We also build on the six-locus dataset from the Ascomycota Tree of Life paper (Schoch and colleagues, 2009) to confirm that Laboulbeniomycetes and Sordariomycetes are sister classes, and we apply laboulbeniomyceta as a rankless taxon for the now well-resolved node that describes the most recent common ancestor of both classes.}, author = {Haelewaters, Danny and Walter P. Pfliegler and Michal Gorczak and Donald H. Pfister} } @article {1153300, title = {Morphological species of Gloeandromyces (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) evaluated using single-locus species delimitation methods}, journal = {Fungal Systematics and Evolution}, volume = {3}, year = {2019}, pages = {19-33}, abstract = {In this paper, new species and formae of the genus Gloeandromyces (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) are described and illustrated. These are: Gloeandromyces dickii sp. nov. on Trichobius joblingi from Nicaragua and Panama; G. pageanus f. alarum f. nov. on Tri. joblingi from Panama; G. pageanus f. polymorphus f. nov. on Tri. dugesioides and Tri. joblingi from Panama and Trinidad; and G. streblae f. sigmomorphus f. nov. on Tri. joblingi from Panama. Gloeandromyces pageanus on Tri. dugesioides from Panama as described in Nova Hedwigia 105 (2017) is referred to as G. pageanus f. pageanus. Support for these descriptions of species and formae comes from phylogenetic reconstruction of the large subunit ribosomal DNA and from the application of species delimitation methods (ABGD, bPTP, GMYC). Host specialization results in phylogenetic segregation by host species in both G. pageanus and G. streblae and this may represent a case of incipient speciation. A second mechanism driving diversity involves position induced morphological adaptations, leading to the peculiar morphotypes that are associated to growing on a particular position of the integument (G. pageanus f. alarum, G. streblae f. sigmomorphus).}, author = {Haelewaters, D. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1146727, title = {A novel proof of concept for capturing the diversity of endophytic fungi preserved in herbarium specimens}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society }, volume = {374}, year = {2019}, pages = {20170395}, abstract = {Herbarium specimens represent important records of morphological and genetic diversity of plants that inform questions relevant to global change, including species distributions, phenology and functional traits. It is increasingly appreciated that plant microbiomes can influence these aspects of plant biology, but little is known regarding the historic distribution of microbes associated with plants collected in the pre-molecular age. If microbiomes can be observed reliably in herbarium specimens, researchers will gain a new lens with which to examine microbial ecology, evolution, species interactions. Here, we describe a method for accessing historical plant microbiomes from preserved herbarium specimens, providing a proof of concept using two plant taxa from the imperiled boreal biome (Andromeda polifolia\ and\ Ledum palustre\ subsp. groenlandicum,\ Ericaceae). We focus on fungal endophytes, which occur within symptomless plant tissues such as leaves. Through a three-part approach (i.e. culturing, cloning and next-generation amplicon sequencing via the Illumina MiSeq platform, with extensive controls), we examined endophyte communities in dried, pressed leaves that had been processed as regular herbarium specimens and stored at room temperature in a herbarium for four years.\ We retrieved only one endophyte in culture, but cloning and especially the MiSeq analysis revealed a rich community of foliar endophytes. The phylogenetic distribution and diversity of endophyte assemblages, especially among the Ascomycota, resemble endophyte communities from fresh plants collected in the boreal biome. We could distinguish communities of endophytes in each plant species and differentiate likely endophytes from fungi that could be surface contaminants. Taxa found by cloning were observed in the larger MiSeq dataset, but species richness was greater when subsets of the same tissues were evaluated with the MiSeq approach. Our findings provide a proof of concept for capturing endophyte DNA from herbarium specimens, supporting the importance of herbarium records as roadmaps for understanding the dynamics of plant-associated microbial biodiversity in the Anthropocene.This article is part of the theme issue {\textquoteright}Biological collections for understanding biodiversity in the Anthropocene{\textquoteright}.}, author = {Barnabas H. Daru and Elizabeth A. Bowman and Donald H. Pfister and Arnold, A. Elizabeth} } @article {1421959, title = {Delimitation of Funga as a valid term for the diversity of fungal communities: the Fauna, Flora \& Funga proposal (FF\&F)}, journal = {IMA Fungus}, volume = {9}, year = {2018}, pages = {71-74}, url = {https://imafungus.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1007/BF03449441.pdf}, author = {Kuhar, F. and Furci, G. and Drechsler-Santos, E.R. and Pfister D.H .} } @presentation {1270336, title = {Historic overview of Phacidiales and insights into the Austral diversity of Tympanidaceae}, year = {2018}, abstract = {

Presented at the International Mycological Congress, July 2018

}, author = {Johnston, P. and Cooper, J. and Baral, H.O. and Pfister, D.H. and Quijada, L.} } @presentation {1230257, title = {Diversity and Host Specificity in the Genus Sarea Fr. (Ascomycota)}, year = {2018}, abstract = {

First published by Fries in 1825, the genus Sarea today comprises two accepted species of resinicolous discomycetes. Both species have a very broad range, with S. difformis reported from North America, Europe, and northwestern Africa, and S. resinae reported from North America, Europe, northern and central Africa, and central and eastern Asia. Both species have also been reported in southern hemisphere locations, such as New Zealand, on non-native trees. Both species also have a broad range of hosts in the Pinaceae, with S. difformis reported on Cedrus atlantica and both Sarea species reported on species of Pinus, Picea, Larix, Pseudotsuga, Abies and Tsuga. In addition, S. resinae has been reported on species in the Cupressaceae, including members of the genera Cupressus, Chamaecyparis, Juniperus and Taxodium. With few exceptions, specimens of each Sarea species share a very similar macro- and micromorphology, with specimens from multiple hosts fitting the specific concepts published by Hawksworth and Sherwood in 1981. Some molecular work has been done on the genus, but in almost all cases sequences are not associated with a vouchered herbarium specimen including the sexual morph. The objective of this study is to determine the degree of relatedness of geographically distant specimens collected in North America, Europe, and Macaronesia on different native and non-native host species. With permission, collections have been made of both species of Sarea from California, Georgia and the New England states in the USA, Northern and Southern Europe and Macaronesia. In addition to detailed measurements of the micromorphological features of specimens, ITS and LSU sequences have been generated using Sanger sequencing for analysis and comparison with published sequences. In contrast to the generally only slight morphological differences noted among specimens, ITS sequences from Europe, Asia, and North America not only differ by about 4\% from each other, but also when submitted to phylogenetic analyses form multiple well-supported clades for each continent. These patterns are supported by similar analyses using the LSU sequences and ITS+LSU sequences. These clades also point to host specificity at the host family or genus level. In conclusion, the composition of the genus Sarea seems much more complicated than previously reported, with the possibility of multiple cryptic species in both accepted taxa; additional work must be done to further expand geographical and host range sampling of specimens to include in these analyses in order to approach a full picture of the diversity in Sarea.

}, author = {Mitchell, JK and Garrido-Benavent, I and Quijada, L and Karakehian JM and Pfister DH} } @article {1164125, title = {Amanita griseofusca: A new species of Amanita in section Vaginatae from MalamJabba, Swat, Pakistan}, journal = {Phytotaxa}, volume = {364}, year = {2018}, pages = {181-192}, abstract = {

\ A new species, Amanita griseofusca\  in section Vaginatae\  is described and illustrated here from Pakistan. Distinguishing

characters of the new species include medium-sized basidiomata, greyish brown pileus surface with white to beige, membranous

volval remnants present as one (large) to a few (small) warts, close lamellae which are cream colored with a pink

tone, striations one third of the total pileus radius, broadly ellipsoidal to ellipsoidal basidiospores and white loose saccate

volva turning beige at maturity. Molecular data inferred from partial nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS),

partial nuc rDNA larger subunit region (LSU) and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) confirms the novelty

of the present taxon.

}, author = {Kiran, M and Khan, J and Sher, H and Pfister, D.H. and Khalid, Abdul Nasir} } @article {1146976, title = {Overview of Phacidiales, including Aotearoamyces gen. nov. on Nothofagus}, journal = {IMA Fungus}, volume = {9}, year = {2018}, pages = {371{\textendash}382}, abstract = {The new genus\ Aotearoamyces\ is proposed to accommodate a single species that was repeatedly collected on fallen wood in\ Nothofagaceae\ forests of New Zealand and was previously misidentified as a\ Claussenomyces\ species. This monotypic genus belongs to\ Tympanidaceae, a recently erected family in\ Phacidiales.\ Aotearoamyces\ is differentiated from other\ Tympanidaceae\ by phragmospores that do not form conidia either in or outside the asci, an exciple of\ textura intricata\ with hyphae widely spaced and strongly gelatinized (plectenchyma), and apically flexuous, partly helicoid paraphyses. The asexual morph was studied in pure culture. Phylogenetic analyses of combined SSU, ITS and LSU sequences strongly support a sister relationship between the sexually typified\ Aotearoamyces\ and the asexually typified {\textquotedblleft}Collophorina{\textquotedblright} paarla\ characterized morphologically by forming endoconidia, a feature not found in the genetically distinct type species of\ Collophorina. Based on our molecular results, we place the genus\ Epithamnolia\ in the\ Mniaecia\ lineage within\ Phacidiales.}, author = {Luis Quijada and Peter R. Johnston and Jerry A. Cooper and Donald H. Pfister} } @inbook {1125129, title = {Chapter 8: Donald Pfister - Tiny Species in a Big Lost World}, booktitle = {15 Years of Harvard in Chile: Lights on the South}, year = {2018}, pages = {92-101}, publisher = {David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies}, organization = {David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies}, author = {Molina, Paula} } @article {1121687, title = {Editorial to the Special Issue dedicated to Prof. Richard P. Korf}, journal = {Mycological Progress}, volume = {17}, year = {2018}, pages = {1-3}, author = {Iturriaga, Teresa and Stadler, Marc and Donald H. Pfister} } @article {1121351, title = {The genus Parasola in Pakistan with the description of two new species}, journal = {MycoKeys}, volume = {30}, year = {2018}, pages = {41-60}, abstract = {

Parasola\ is a genus of small, veil-less coprinoid mushrooms in the family\ Psathyrellaceae\ (Agaricales). The genus is not well documented in Asia, specifically in Pakistan. In this study we describe two new species\ Parasola\ glabra\ and\ P.\ pseudolactea\ from Pakistan, based on morphological and molecular data. Phylogeny based on three DNA regions: nuc rDNA region encompassing the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 along with the 5.8S rDNA (ITS), nuc 28S rDNA D1-D2 domains (28S) and translation elongation factor 1α\ gene (TEF1α) show that the new taxa are clustered in a clade formed by the members of section\ Parasola\ of genus\ Parasola.\ Parasola\ glabra\ with grayish pileus, slightly depressed pileal disc, lamellae separated from the stipe by pseudocollarium, basidiospores 14.5{\textendash}16.5 {\texttimes} 9.5{\textendash}11.5 {\texttimes} 8.0{\textendash}10.5 {\textmu}m, in front view broadly ovoid to oblong, some with rhomboidal outline, in side view ellipsoid, with eccentric germ-pore of 1.5 {\textmu}m diameter.\ Parasola\ pseudolactea\ with yellowish brown to dull brown pileus, disc indistinctly umbonate, lamellae free, pseudocollarium absent, basidiospores 13.5{\textendash}14.5 {\texttimes} 10.5{\textendash}12.0 {\texttimes} 9.5{\textendash}10.5 {\textmu}m, in face view rounded triangular to heart shaped, rarely ovoid to subglobose, in side view ellipsoid to oblong, with eccentric germ-pore of 1.5 {\textmu}m diam. In addition to these new species,\ P.\ auricoma\ and\ P.lilatincta\ were also studied. Morphological descriptions for the new species and comparison with known\ Parasola\ species are provided. Our observations highlight the diversity of\ Parasola\ in northern Pakistan and further document the need for additional systematic focus on the region{\textquoteright}s fungi.

Keywords:

Basidiomycota, diversity,\ Parasola, phylogeny, taxonomy

}, author = {Hussain, Shah and Ahmad, Habib and Ullah, Sadiq and Afshan, Najam-Ul-Sehar and Donald H. Pfister and Sher, Hassan and Ali, Haidar and Khalid, Abdul N.} } @article {1121339, title = {Otidea species from China, three new species with comments on some previously described species}, journal = {Mycological Progress}, volume = {17}, year = {2018}, pages = {77{\textendash}88}, abstract = {

The genus\ Otidea\ was recently monographed and studied phylogenetically, but knowledge of the diversity and distribution of\ Otidea\ species in China is fragmentary. In this study, collections from China were examined morphologically and included in phylogenetic analyses. Using LSU,\ TEF1-α, and\ RPB2\ new species were placed within previously recognized clades in the genus. The results agree with both Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) and genetic divergence as previously reported. Three new species,\ Otidea hanseniae,\ Otidea korfii\ and\ Otidea purpureogrisea\ are recognized based on phylogenetic reconstruction using ITS, LSU,\ TEF1- α\ and\ RPB2. Comments on some incompletely known species are added. With the discovery of these three new species, the genus\ Otidea\ in China proves to be more diverse than previously recognized.

Keywords

Morphology\ Otidea hanseniae\ sp. nov.\ Otidea purpureogrisea\ sp. nov.\ Otidea korfii\ sp. nov.\ Pyronemataceae

}, author = {Lu, Feng and Ge, Zai-Wei and LoBuglio. Katherine F. and Donald H. Pfister} } @article {1121336, title = {Underexplored regions of Pakistan yield five new species of Leucoagaricus}, journal = {Mycologia}, year = {2018}, pages = {1-36}, abstract = {

The large genus\ Leucoagaricus\ (Basidiomycota) is poorly studied in Pakistan, where the northern parts of the country are considered hotspots for biodiversity. Based on morphological and molecular data, five new species are described:\ Leucoagaricus badius, L. lahorensiformis, L. pakistaniensis, L. sultanii\ and\ L. umbonatus. Descriptions and illustrations are given for the new taxa. A phylogeny based on morphology and four DNA regions, including the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) and D1-D2 domains of the 28S gene of the nuc rDNA), the gene for RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) and the translation elongation factor 1α gene (TEF1-α), show that the new taxa are clustered in a clade representing\ Leucoagaricus\ section\ Rubrotincti\ subgenus\ Sericeomyces.

KEY WORDS:\ Agaricales,\ biodiversity,\ Leucocoprinus,\ Malakand,\ phylogenetic analysis,\ taxonomy

}, author = {Hussain, Shah and Jabeen, Sana and Khalid, Abdul N. and Ahmad, Habib and Sher, Hassan and Donald H. Pfister} } @presentation {1274538, title = {The Asian bambusicolous genus Myriodiscus connects with the genus Tympanis, the North American-European tree pathogen}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Presented at the 2nd Mediterranean Mycological Congress Platres / Cyprus 1-3 December 2017} } @presentation {1230263, title = {A survey of fungi in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique}, year = {2017}, abstract = {

Gorongosa National Park (GNP) was a frequent battleground during the Mozambican Civil War (1977-1992) and was left unprotected for a decade after cessation of hostilities. In that time, the Park{\textquoteright}s fauna was decimated. Today, restoration of the wildlife and tourist infrastructure is advancing apace with support from the Gregory C. Carr Foundation. The establishment of the E. O. Wilson Biodiversity Laboratory in the Park, modeled along the lines of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute on Barro
Colorado Island in Panama, provided an attractive research destination.

We conducted a fungal survey of GNP in June-July of 2016. Our survey was conducted in the beginning of the dry season and our collections represent species in fruit during a season that is not often sampled. We collected voucher specimens at random localities and habitats within the Park, focusing on discomycetes, polypores and anamorphic fungi. Despite a severe drought that had affected the region that year, we made
over 500 collections.

}, author = {Karakehian J.M. and Quijada L. and Mitchell, J.K. and Iturriaga, T. and Ryvarden. L. and Miller, A. and Radaubaugh,D. and Healy, R. and Smith, M. E. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {1121347, title = {Lost and found: the Bermudan Donadinia seaveri found in North America, with comments on its juniper associates}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {110}, year = {2017}, pages = {215-221}, abstract = {

Collections of a species referred to Sarcosomataceae (Pezizomycetes) from eastern North America were studied both morphologically and using nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) and approximately 800 bp from the 5{\textquoteright} region of the nuc 28S rDNA (28S) to construct a phylogeny. The analyses indicate that these collections are Donadinia seaveri, a species previously known only from Bermuda. Because the associated tree, Juniperus bermudiana, has declined as a result of insect attack, it was thought that D. seaveri might be extinct. This work indicates that it is not extinct but is present in eastern North America. The species is described, new distributional records are given, and its association with the genus Juniperus is discussed.

}, author = {Donald H. Pfister and LoBuglio, Katherine F.} } @article {1121340, title = {Bulgariella pulla, a Leotiomycete of uncertain placement, with an uncommon type of ascus opening}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {109}, year = {2017}, pages = {900-911}, abstract = {Bulgariella pulla (Leotiomycetes) is redescribed with the addition of characters of the ascus, spores, and habitat that were previously unconsidered. The ascus dehiscence mechanism in Bulgariella is unusual among Leotiomycetes. In this genus, asci lack a pore and open by splitting to form valves. Phylogenetic analyses of partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), and the 18S and 28S nuc rRNA genes determined that Bulgariella belongs within Leotiomycetes but without conclusive assignment to an order or family. A comparison of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 plus the 5.8S gene (ITS) determined that Bulgariella isolates from the USA, Norway, and Sweden had 100\% sequence similarity, and an isolate from Chile had 99.3\% similarity with these isolates. These results support the proposition that these collections represent a single species, B. pulla. Bulgariella sphaerospora, a more recently described species, is confirmed as conspecific with B. pulla.}, author = {Iturriaga, Teresa and LoBuglio, Katherine F. and Donald H. Pfister} } @article {1079731, title = {Parasites of parasites of bats: Laboulbeniales (Fungi: Ascomycota) on bat flies (Dipera: Nycteribiidae) in central Europe}, journal = {Parasites \& Vectors}, volume = {10}, year = {2017}, pages = {1-14}, abstract = {Bat flies (Streblidae and Nycteribiidae) are among the most specialized families of the order Diptera. Members of these two related families have an obligate ectoparasitic lifestyle on bats, and they are known disease vectors for their hosts. However, bat flies have their own ectoparasites: fungi of the order Laboulbeniales. In Europe, members of the Nycteribiidae are parasitized by four species belonging to the genus\ Arthrorhynchus. We carried out a systematic survey of the distribution and fungus-bat fly associations of the genus in central Europe (Hungary, Romania).}, author = {Haelewaters, Danny and Walter P. Pfliegler and Szenitv{\'a}nyi, Tamara and F{\"o}ldv{\'a}ri, Mih{\'a}ly and Sandor, Attila D. and Barti, Levente and Camacho, Jasmin J. and Gort, Gerrit and Est{\'o}k, P{\'e}ter and Hiller, Thomas and Dick, Carl W. and Donald H. Pfister} } @article {1063846, title = {Richard Paul Korf (1925 - 2016)}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {109}, year = {2017}, pages = {529-534}, abstract = {"With poetry, the tune is in the words themselves-and once you begin to hear it, it will stay with you." Richard P. Korf, notes to his narration of John Brown{\textquoteright}s Body.}, author = {Donald H. Pfister and Burdsall Jr., Harold H. and Iturriaga, Teresa and Kohn, Linda M. and Rossman, Amy Y. and Zhuang, Wen-Yin} } @article {1044136, title = {Pseudotricharina lanigera (Pezizales), a new species from the Patagonian region of Argentina}, journal = {Ascomycete}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, pages = {135-138}, abstract = {A species of\ Pseudotricharina, similar in sequence and morphology to the type species\ P. intermedia, is described from a soil bank in a\ Nothofagus\ forest of the Andes Mountains of Argentina. This is only the second species of\ Pseudotricharina\ to be described and the first known from the Southern Hemisphere.}, author = {Healy, Rozanne and Donald H. Pfister and Music, Alija B. and Torres, Daniela and Nouhra, Eduardo and Furci, Guiliana and Matthew E. Smith} } @article {1043781, title = {Heterobasidion amyloideopsis sp. nov. (Basidiomycota, Russulates) evidenced by morphological characteristics and phylogenic analysis}, journal = {Phytotaxa}, volume = {317}, year = {2017}, pages = {199-210}, abstract = {Heterobasidion amyloideopsis sp. nov., a new poroid wood-inhabiting species from Pakistan, is introduced based on a combination of molecular evidence and morphological characteristics. We generated sequences from the nuclear internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU), the gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1) and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), focusing on two specimens from Pakistan. We performed phylogenetic analyses with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and bayesian inference methods on two datasets (RPB1+RPB2 and ITS+nLSU+RPB1+RPB2). Both analyses supported the existence of the new species and showed that it formed a monophyletic group within the\ H. insulare\ complex as a sister to\ H. amyloideum. In addition to assessing the origin and divergence of this new species, we focused on the RPB1+RPB2 dataset to perform maximum likelihood based estimation and Bayesian binary analyses.\ Heterobasidion amyloideopsis\ is characterized by an annual habit, pileate basidiomata with a rust colored pileal surface, white, obtuse margin, a dimitic hyphal system with simple septate generative hyphae in the trama and clamp connections present on the contextual hyphae, amyloid skeletal hyphae and broadly ellipsoid, hyaline, fairly thick-walled, and asperulate basidiospores.}, author = {Chang- Lin Zhao and Saba, Malka and Khalid, Abdul Nasir and Song, Jie and Donald H. Pfister} } @article {976566, title = {How to know the fungi: combining field inventories and DNA-barcoding to document fungal diversity}, journal = {New Phytologist}, volume = {214}, year = {2017}, pages = {913-919}, author = {Truong, Camille and Mujic, Alija B. and Healy, Rosanne and Kuhar, Francisco and Furci, Giulianna and Torres, Daniela and Niskanen,Tuula and Sandoval-Leiva, Pablo A. and Fernandez, Natalia and Escobar, Julio M. and Moretto, Alicia and Palfner, Goetz and Donald H. Pfister and Nouhra, Eduardo and Swenie, Raochel and Sanchez-Garcia, Marisol and Matheny, P. Brandon and Matthew E. Smith} } @article {960846, title = {A molecular and morphological re-examination of the generic limits of truffles in the tarzetta-geopyxis lineage - Densocarapa, Hydnocystis and Paurocotylis}, journal = {Fungal Biology}, year = {2017}, pages = {1-21}, abstract = {

Truffle species within the /tarzetta-geopyxis lineage share smooth, globose, hyaline spores, but differ in the amount of convolution of hymenia in ascomata. The relation- ships among truffle species in this lineage have historically been confused. Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS and 28S nuclear ribosomal DNA from recently collected members of the /tarzetta-geopyxis lineage from Asia, Austral Asia, North America, and South America prompted a reinvestigation of species and generic limits in the truffle genera\ Hydnocystis, Paurocotylis, and\ Stephensia. Our analyses support emendations of\ Hydnocystis\ and\ Pauro- cotylis, abandonment of\ Stephensia\ and the resurrection of the genus\ Densocarpa. Nomen- clatural changes include the transfer of\ Stephensia bombycina\ to\ Hydnocystis, the transfer of\ Hydnocystis singeri\ and\ Stephensia bynumii\ to\ Paurocotylis, the reinstatement of\ Denso- carpa\ for\ Stephensia shanori\ and transfer of\ Stephensia crocea\ to\ Densocarpa. This is the first detection of the genus\ Paurocotylis\ in the Americas. We describe three new species,\ Hyd- nocystis transitoria\ from North America,\ Paurocotylis patagonica\ from South America, andPaurocotylis watlingii\ from Australia. Our work highlights the unexplored diversity, mor- phological plasticity, and remaining taxonomic problems among truffles in the /tarzetta- geopyxis lineage.

}, author = {Kumar, Leticia M. and Matthew E. Smith and Nouhra, Eduardo R. and Orihara, Takamichi and Sandoval LEiva, Pablo and Donald H. Pfister and McLaughlin, David J. and Trappe, James M. and Rosanne A. Healy} } @article {1059396, title = {Long-hidden in Thaxter{\textquoteright}s treasure trove: Laboulbenia camerunensis sp. nov. parasitic on African Curculionidae}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {131}, year = {2016}, pages = {613-619}, abstract = {

A new species, Laboulbenia camerunensis, parasitic on Curculio sp. from Cameroon, is described from a historical slide prepared by Roland Thaxter. It is the seventh species to be described from the family Curculionidae worldwide and the first from the

African continent. The species is recognized by the characteristic outer appendage. The latter consists of two superimposed hyaline cells, separated by a black constricted septum, the suprabasal cell giving rise to two branches, the inner of which is simple and hyaline, and the outer tinged with brown. A second blackish constricted septum is found at the base of this outermost branch. Description, illustrations, and comparison to other species are given.

}, author = {Wang, Tristan W. and Haelewaters, Danny and Donald H. Pfister} } @article {930636, title = {Competing sexual-asexual generic names of Peziomycetes and recommendations for use}, journal = {IMA Fungus}, volume = {7}, year = {2016}, month = {2016}, pages = {285-288}, abstract = {Following the change that eliminated dual naming of sexual and asexual morphs of fungi, generic names of\ Pezizomycetes\ have been evaluated to determine which of the competing names should be recommended for use. Evaluation is based on congruence of type species to determine if the names are congeneric and which name is most commonly cited as well as priority. In the\ Pezizomycetes\ six pairs of generic names were determined to compete. In all cases the older name, representing the sexual morph, is recommended for use, specifically\ Caloscypha\ rather than\ Geniculodendron,\ Desmazierella\ rather than\ Verticicladium,\ Miladina\ rather than\ Actinosporella,\ Morchella\ rather than\ Costantinella,\ Sarcoscypha\ rather than\ Molliardiomyces, and\ Trichophaea\ rather than\ Dichobotrys.}, author = {Healy, Roseanne and Donald H. Pfister and Rossman, Amy Y. and Marvanova, Ludmila and Hansen, Karen} } @article {916626, title = {What a Painfully Interesting Subject: Charles Darwin Studies of Potato Late Blight}, journal = {BioScience}, volume = {66}, year = {2016}, month = {12 Oct 2016}, pages = {1035-1045}, abstract = {

Charles Darwin{\textquoteright}s famous voyage on the\ HMS Beagle\ led him around the world on a collecting journey that culminated in his theory of evolution. In 1835, the\ Beagle\ traveled to the island of Chilo{\'e}, and there, Darwin discovered and sent potatoes back to England. Darwin{\textquoteright}s interest in the potato and potato late blight spanned four decades. He used the potato to investigate questions of what a species is, understand its ravages by a plant pathogen, and investigate ideas on clonal versus sexual reproduction on species fitness. Darwin{\textquoteright}s letters reveal his thoughts on free trade, population growth and food security during the Irish famine. Darwin was involved in the first research to find resistance to late blight and personally funded a breeding program in Ireland. Here, we discuss Darwin{\textquoteright}s studies on potato late blight and its relevance today in studies of global migrations of the pathogen and development of durable resistance.

}, author = {Ristiaino, Jean Beagle and Donald H. Pfister} } @unpublished {909526, title = {William Gilson Farlow on Campobello Island: a brief account of his trips in 1898 and 1902}, year = {2016}, author = {Donald H. Pfister} } @magazinearticle {901886, title = {Fungi and Forests: Shaping Landscapes, Cuisine and Commerce}, volume = {16}, year = {2016}, month = {Fall 2016}, pages = {14-16}, author = {Pfister, Donald} } @article {900146, title = {Fireworks under the microscope: a spectacular new species of Zodiomyces from the Thaxter collection}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {108}, year = {2016}, pages = {709-715}, abstract = {A new species of Zodiomyces (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) is described, Z. rhizophorus, parasitic on a hydrophilid beetle (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from Trinidad. This species was discovered during the examination of the slides of Laboulbeniales made by Roland Thaxter. It is characterized by numerous long, slender, multicellular and multiseriate outgrowths at the base of the receptacle. Thaxter{\textquoteright}s outstanding illustrations have set a standard in the field of mycology; we provide a review of the methods he employed in the preparation of these illustrations.}, author = {Rossi, Walter and Haelewaters, Danny and Donald H. Pfister} } @article {899916, title = {A molecular analysis reveals hidden species diversity within the current concept of Russula maculata (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota)}, journal = {Phytotaxia}, volume = {270}, year = {2016}, pages = {71-88}, abstract = {The current generally accepted concept of Russula maculata defines the species by yellow-brownish spots on the basidi-omata, an acrid taste, a yellow spore print and a red pileus. This concept was tested using collections originating from various geographical areas mainly in Europe. Analyses of the ITS region suggested that there were three species within this broad concept. One of them, R. maculata, was identified based on the sequence from the epitype. Two other species, R. nympharum and R. sp., are described here as newly identified species. The European species R. maculata and R. nympharum grow in deciduous forests, are similar in their field aspect and are distinctly different in micro-morphological characteristics of spores, pleurocystidia and pileipellis. An Asian species, R. sp., is associated with pine and has smaller basidiomata and spores. These three species form the R. maculata complex and represent the sister clade to the R. globispora complex. This clade consists of species also characterized by a yellow-brownish context discolouration but with a different type of spore ornamentation. All of the other tested species had an acrid taste and yellow spore print but did not have a conspicuous yellow-brownish context discolouration and were placed in various unrelated clades.}, author = {Adamcik, Slavomir and Miroslav, Cabon and Eberhardt, Ursula and Saba, Malika and Hampe, Felix and Slovak, Marek and Kleine, Jesko and Marxmuller, Helga and Jancovicova, Sona and Donald H. Pfister and Khalid, Abdul N. and Kolarik, Miroslav and Marhold, Karol and Verbeken, Annemieke} } @article {900141, title = {Species of Peziza s. str. on water-soaked wood with special reference to a new species, P. nordica, from central Norway}, journal = {Sydowia}, volume = {68}, year = {2016}, pages = {173-185}, abstract = {Peziza oliviae, P. lohjaoensis, P. montirivicola\ and a new species from Norway form a well-supported clade within the\ Peziza s. str.\ group based on study of the internal transcribed spacer + 5.8S rRNA gene, large subunit rRNA gene and the 6{\textendash}7 region of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II gene. Like\ P. oliviae\ and\ P. montirivicola,\ the new species,\ P. nordica, is distinctly stipi-tate and occurs on wood that has been inundated by fresh water. These species also have paraphyses with yellow vacuolar inclu-sions. They fruit early in the season or at high elevations and are presumed to be saprobic. A discussion of application of the name\ Peziza\ is given.}, author = {Donald H. Pfister and LoBuglio, K. F. and Kristiansen, Roy} } @article {848286, title = {Developing an Exemplary Collection: A Vision for the Next Century at the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University}, journal = {Arnoldia}, volume = {73}, year = {2016}, month = {February 2016}, pages = {2-18}, author = {Friedman, William E. and Michael S. Dosmann and Timothy M. Boland and David E. Boufford and Michael J. Donoghue and Andrew Gapinski and Larry Hufford and Paul W. Meyer and Donald H. Pfister} } @article {848311, title = {Mycorrhizal detection of native and non-native truffles in a historic arboretum and the discovery of a new North American species, Tuber arnoldianum sp. nov.}, journal = {Mycorrhiza}, year = {2016}, month = {10 June 2016}, pages = {1-12}, abstract = {During a study comparing the ectomycorrhizal root communities in a native forest with those at the Arnold Arboretum in Massachusetts (USA), the European species Tuber borchii was detected on the roots of a native red oak in the arboretum over two successive years. Since T. borchii is an economically important edible truffle native to Europe, we conducted a search of other roots in the arboretum to determine the extent of colonization. We also wanted to determine whether other non-native Tuber species had been inadvertently introduced into this 140-year-old Arboretum because many trees were imported into the site with intact soil and roots prior to the 1921 USDA ban on these horticultural practices in the USA. While T. borchii was not found on other trees, seven other native and exotic Tuber species were detected. Among the North American Tuber species detected from ectomycorrhizae, we also collected ascomata of a previously unknown species described here as Tuber arnoldianum. This new species was found colonizing both native and non-native tree roots. Other ectomycorrhizal taxa that were detected included basidiomycetes in the genera Amanita, Russula, Tomentella, and ascomycetes belonging to Pachyphlodes, Helvella, Genea, and Trichophaea. We clarify the phylogenetic relationships of each of the Tuber species detected in this study, and we discuss their distribution on both native and non-native host trees.}, author = {Rosanne A. Healy and Hannah Zurier and Gregory Bonito and Matthew E. Smith and Donald H. Pfister} } @article {813046, title = {Morphological and molecular identification of a new species of Truncospora (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) in North America}, journal = {Phytotaxa}, volume = {257}, year = {2016}, pages = {89-97}, abstract = {

Truncospora wisconsinensis\ sp. nov., a new poroid wood-inhabiting species, is proposed based on a combination of molecu- lar and morphological data. this species demonstrates a unique combination of characters including: annual habit; pileate basidiomata with a white pileus and pore surface; a dimitic hyphal system with non- to slightly dextrinoid, cyanophilous skeletal hyphae; and ellipsoid, truncate, slightly thick-walled, strongly dextrinoid basidiospores. Phylogenetic analyses us- ing ItS and partial\ tef1-α\ support the position of this new species as a sister clade of\ T. ohiensis.

}, author = {Chang- Lin Zhao and Feng Xu and Donald H. Pfister} } @article {806646, title = {First finding of the parasitic fungus Hesperomyces virescens (Laboulbeniales) on native and invasive ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in South Africa}, journal = {Parasite}, volume = {23}, year = {2016}, abstract = {

Hesperomyces virescens is a fungal ectoparasite (Laboulbeniales) that infects adult ladybirds. Research has recently focused on this parasite due to the discovery of its prevalence on the globally invasive harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis and for its potential use in studies of co-evolution and pathogen spread. We collected adults from ten species of ladybirds in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, and screened for the presence of H. virescens. Infections with H. virescens were found in the samples of two species, H. axyridis and the native Cheilomenes propinqua. This marks the first record of H. virescens on H. axyridis from the African continent and the first record on Cheilomenes worldwide.

}, author = {Haelewaters, Danny and Ingrid A. Minnaar and Susana Clusella-Trullas} } @article {804146, title = {The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis: global perspectives on invasion history and ecology}, journal = {Biological Invasions}, volume = {18}, year = {2016}, pages = {997-1044}, abstract = {

The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is native to Asia but has been intentionally introduced to many countries as a biological control agent of pest insects. In numerous countries, however, it has been introduced unintentionally. The dramatic spread of H. axyridis within many countries has been met with considerable trepidation. It is a generalist top predator, able to thrive in many habitats and across wide climatic conditions. It poses a threat to biodiversity, particularly aphidophagous insects, through competition and predation, and in many countries adverse effects have been reported on other species, particularly coccinellids. However, the patterns are not consistent around the world and seem to be affected by many factors including landscape and climate. Research on H. axyridis has provided detailed insights into invasion biology from broad patterns and processes to approaches in surveillance and monitoring. An impressive number of studies on this alien species have provided mechanistic evidence alongside models explaining large-scale patterns and processes. The involvement of citizens in monitoring this species in a number of countries around the world is inspiring and has provided data on scales that would be otherwise unachievable. Harmonia axyridis has successfully been used as a model invasive alien species and has been the inspiration for global collaborations at various scales. There is considerable scope to expand the research and associated collaborations, particularly to increase the breadth of parallel studies conducted in the native and invaded regions. Indeed a qualitative comparison of biological traits across the native and invaded range suggests that there are differences which ultimately could influence the population dynamics of this invader. Here we provide an overview of the invasion history and ecology of H. axyridis globally with consideration of future research perspectives. We reflect broadly on the contributions of such research to our understanding of invasion biology while also informing policy and people.

}, author = {H.E. Roy and P.M.J. Brown and N. Berkvens and I. Borges and S. Clusella-Trullas} } @article {747086, title = {Farlow Herbarium cockroach hosts new record of Laboulbeniales for North America}, journal = {Rhodora}, volume = {118}, year = {2016}, month = {2016}, author = {Wang, T.W. and De Kesel, A. and Haelewaters, D. and Donald H. Pfister} } @article {748006, title = {Rommelaarsia flavovirens gen. et sp. nov. (Helotiales), a new discomycete on Equisetum with a peculiar asexual state}, journal = {Ascomycete.org}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, pages = {321-330}, abstract = {

Rommelaarsia avovirens\ gen. et sp. nov. is proposed. This inoperculate discomycete is known only from two collections in Western Europe, fruiting in spring on dead stems of\ Equisetum arvensis. An a - liation with the family\ Hyaloscyphaceae\ is suggested by the presence of short hairs on the super cially gro- wing apothecium. The species is associated with an unusual, likewise unknown asexual state with large multiguttulate, holoblastic phragmoconidia formed in sporodochia. Phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA show that\ Rommelaarsia\ has an uncertain position within the\ Helotiales. Our analyses consistently show a close relationship to\ Cistella\ and\ Psilachnum, but there is no support for this placement. Bayesian analysis moderately supports the\ Cistella\ +\ Psilachnum+\ Rommelaarsia\ clade, which hints at the placement of\ Rommelaarsia\ within\ Hyaloscyphaceae. This agrees with the morphological data.

}, author = {Baral, Hans Otto and Haelewaters, D.} } @article {747081, title = {Cookeina korfii, a new species hidden in Cookeina tricholoma}, journal = {Ascomycete.org}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, pages = {331-335}, abstract = {

Cookeina kor i\ (Ascomycetes,\ Pezizales,\ Sarcoscyphaceae) is described from the Philippines. Ascospores are smooth, smaller than\ Cookeina tricholoma\ (Mont.) Kuntze, and hairs are more exuous than in\ C. tricholoma. Analyses of the ITS region shows it to be close to\ Cookeina tricholoma\ and\ Cookeina sinensisZ. Wang.

}, author = {Iturriaga, T. and Xu, F and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {747076, title = {Pezizacea taxonomy and classification: Boudier, Cooke and Korf}, journal = {Ascomycete.org}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, pages = {239-244}, abstract = {

Richard Korf is an important gure in the study of discomycetes. His contribution as teacher and scholar in relationship to Boudier{\textquoteright}s masterwork, the\ Icones Mycologicae, is commented upon particularly in regard to the classi cations used for the\ Pezizaceae. Although it has been common practice to recognize a single genus\ Peziza\ for most of the species in the\ Pezizaceae, molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the genus\ Peziza\ is diverse and is not monophyletic. Boudier{\textquoteright}s classi cation shows a more accurate pic- ture of the diversity within the family than later classi cations. Comments on the\ Icones\ and Cooke{\textquoteright}s\ Myco- graphia\ are included as they relate to graduate training and opportunities o ered by Richard Korf in his long career as a teacher.

}, author = {Donald H. Pfister} } @article {746161, title = {Bringing Laboulbeniales into the 21st century: enhanced techniques for extraction and PCR amplification of DNA from minute ectoparasitic fungi}, journal = {IMA Fungus}, volume = {6}, year = {2015}, pages = {363{\textendash}372}, abstract = {

Laboulbeniales\ is one of the most peculiar oders of\ Ascomycota. These fungi are characterized by an ectoparasitic life-style on arthropods, determinate growth, lack of an asexual stage, high species richness, and intractability to culture. The order\ Laboulbeniales, sister to\ Pyxidiophorales, has only recently been assigned a separate class, the\ Laboulbeniomycetes, based on very fewribosomal DNA sequences. So far, DNA isolations and PCR ampli cations have proven dif cult. Here,we provide details of isolation techniques and the application of commercially available kits that enableef cient and reliable genetic analyses of these fungi. We provide 43 newly generated\ Laboulbenialesribosomal DNA sequences, among which are the rst published sequences for species in the generaGloeandromyces,\ Herpomyces,\ Laboulbenia,\ Monoicomyces, and\ Polyandromyces. DNA extractions were possible using from 1 to 30 thalli from hosts preserved in ethanol (70{\textendash}100 \%). In two cases, we successfully isolated DNA from thalli on dried insect collections.\ Laboulbeniales\ molecular systematics could be substantially enhanced through these improved methods by allowing more complete sampling of both taxa and gene regions.

}, author = {Haelewaters, Danny and Micha{\l} Gorczak and Walter P. Pfliegler and Andr{\'a}s Tartally and Marta Tischer and Marta Wrzosek and Donald H. Pfister} } @inbook {746191, title = {Chapter 2. Pezizomycotina: Pezizomycetes, Orbiliomycetes. The Mycota VII (B)}, booktitle = {Systematics and Evolution}, year = {2015}, pages = {35-55}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, organization = {Springer-Verlag}, edition = {2nd Edition.}, author = {Donald H. Pfister}, editor = {Mclaughlin, D. J. and Spatafora, J. W.} } @article {726711, title = {Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) of the Boston Harbor Islands I: species parasitizing Coccinellidae and Staphylinidae}, journal = {Northeastern Naturalist }, volume = {22}, year = {2015}, pages = {459-477}, abstract = {

This paper, based on a recent comprehensive sampling of insects, is the rstreport of Laboulbeniales from the New England region since the 1930s. We present 7 new records of laboulbenialean parasites on Staphylinidae (rove beetles) and Coccinellidae (lady beetles) from the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area. These are\ Clonophoro- myces nipponicus\ Terada \& I.I. Tav.,\ Hesperomyces virescens\ Thaxt.,\ Ilyomyces\ cf.\ maireiF. Picard,\ Laboulbenia philonthi\ Thaxt.,\ Peyritschiella protea\ Thaxt.,\ Stichomyces conoso- matis\ Thaxt., and\ Teratomyces actobii\ Thaxt. One of these parasite species,\ C. nipponicus, has not been found previously outside of its type locality in Japan. Examination of Roland Thaxter{\textquoteright}s 1891{\textendash}1932 slides led to the designation of lectotypes for\ L. philonthi,\ P. protea,S. conosomatis, and\ T. actobii. The following synonymy is established:\ Teratomyces brevi- caulis\ Thaxt. =\ T. actobii. In addition, we discovered new localities for\ H. virescens\ (from Canada, Cuba, Guatemala, and Japan) and\ L. philonthi\ (from Canada, Grenada, Panama, Trinidad, and Venezuela).

}, author = {Haelewaters, D. and Zhao, S.Y. and De Kesel, A. and Royer, I.R. and Handlin, B.D. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {746211, title = {The genus Strobiloscypha: A new species and an unresolved phylogenetic placement.}, journal = { Mycologia Montenegro}, year = {2014}, pages = {7-22}, abstract = {

A new species of the genus\ Strobiloscypha,\ S. cupressina, is described from collections made in Montenegro. is species, like the other species in the genus,\ S. keliae, occurs on rotting leaves and cones of\ Cupressaceae. e genus had been assigned to the\ Sarcosomataceae\ but molecular phylogenetic analysis shows that it falls outside that family with no resolved placement elsewhere. Morphologically it is perhaps most close to theChorioactidaceae.

}, author = {B. Peric and LoBuglio, K. F. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734141, title = {On Diphymyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) in Malaysian Borneo}, journal = {Plant Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {147}, number = {1}, year = {2014}, note = {

Ad3kiTimes Cited:1Cited References Count:40

}, pages = {93-100}, abstract = {

Background - Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycota) are microscopic ectoparasites of Arthropoda. Since many Laboulbeniales are known to be host-specific, wet tropical areas with high arthropod diversity are likely to house a high diversity of Laboulbeniales, as well. In this paper, we reveal the presence of the genus Diphymyces I.I.Tav. in Malaysian Borneo. After fieldwork in disturbed and pristine tropical rainforest in Borneo, representatives of this genus were discovered that did not match the description of any of the fourteen known species.Methods - Insects were collected with dry pitfall traps baited with Limburger cheese. Fungal material was studied and described using morphology-based methods.Key results - A new species, Diphymyces sabahensis Haelew. \& Pfister, is described and illustrated. Hosts for this species are recently described taxa in Ptomaphaginus Portevin, 1914 (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Ptomaphagini), representing a new host genus for Diphymyces. Other, morphologically distinctive records of Diphymyces were found; on one host specimen they co-occur with D. sabahensis. These divergent thalli are remarkable in their restricted occurrence on the metatibiae, and thus may represent a morphological variant of D. sabahensis. A review of all described species of Diphymyces, with hosts and geographical distribution, is also presented in tabulated form.

}, keywords = {ascomycota, buffer organ, cholevinae, coleoptera, diphymyces, genus, laboulbeniales, laboulbeniomycetes ascomycotina, Malaysia, morphotypes, new-zealand, parasitic fungi, Phenotypic plasticity, ptomaphagini, records, Taxonomy}, isbn = {2032-3913}, author = {Haelewaters, D. and Schilthuizen, M. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734151, title = {Erratum to: Hesperomyces virescens (Fungi, Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) attacking Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in its native range}, journal = {Chinese Science Bulletin}, volume = {59}, number = {13}, year = {2014}, pages = {1482-1482}, address = {Heidelberg}, abstract = {

This study intended to find data on obligate ec- toparasitic Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycota) on ChineseHarmonia axyridis\ (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). After having screened over four thousand dried specimens of\ H. axyridisand close relatives, we present the first (historical) record of Chinese\ H. axyridis\ infected with\ Hesperomyces virescens. We suggest that\ H. virescens\ is a historically globally dis- tributed species and hypothesize that (native) infection was lost when\ H. axyridis\ was introduced in North America.

}, isbn = {1001-6538}, author = {Haelewaters, Danny and Comont, Richard and Zhao, Serena and Pfister, Donald} } @article {734161, title = {Hesperomyces virescens (Fungi, Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) attacking Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in its native range}, journal = {Chinese Science Bulletin}, volume = {59}, number = {5-6}, year = {2014}, pages = {528-532}, abstract = {

This study intended to find data on obligate ec- toparasitic Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycota) on ChineseHarmonia axyridis\ (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). After having screened over four thousand dried specimens of\ H. axyridisand close relatives, we present the first (historical) record of Chinese\ H. axyridis\ infected with\ Hesperomyces virescens. We suggest that\ H. virescens\ is a historically globally dis- tributed species and hypothesize that (native) infection was lost when\ H. axyridis\ was introduced in North America.

}, isbn = {1001-6538}, author = {Haelewaters, Danny and Comont, Rf and Zhao, SY and Pfister, DH} } @article {734131, title = {Morphological and molecular study of Peziza emileia and P-howsei, two distinct taxa}, journal = {Mycological Progress}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, year = {2014}, note = {

As5upTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:39

}, month = {Nov}, pages = {1227-1234}, abstract = {

Peziza emileia Cooke and P. howsei Roze \& Boud. are compared here; they are morphologically very similar, but the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence is unique for each of the two species. Furthermore, since the holotype of P. emileia deposited in Kew (K) contains an unidentified fungus and the holotype of P. howsei in Paris (PC) no longer exists, we provide lectotypification and epitypification for both taxa.

}, keywords = {its rdna sequence, Morphology, pezizales, rpb2 DNA sequence, Taxonomy}, isbn = {1617-416x}, author = {Medardi, G. and LoBuglio, K. F. and Pfister, D.H. and Lantieri, A.} } @article {734156, title = {Multigene Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeographic Diversification of the Earth Tongue Fungi in the Genera Cudonia and Spathularia (Rhytismatales, Ascomycota)}, journal = {Plos One}, volume = {9}, number = {8}, year = {2014}, note = {

Am4jlTimes Cited:1Cited References Count:106

}, month = {Aug 1}, abstract = {

The family Cudoniaceae (Rhytismatales, Ascomycota) was erected to accommodate the "earth tongue fungi" in the genera Cudonia and Spathularia. There have been no recent taxonomic studies of these genera, and the evolutionary relationships within and among these fungi are largely unknown. Here we explore the molecular phylogenetic relationships within Cudonia and Spathularia using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses based on 111 collections from across the Northern Hemisphere. Phylogenies based on the combined data from ITS, nrLSU, rpb2 and tef-1 alpha sequences support the monophyly of three main clades, the /flavida, /velutipes, and /cudonia clades. The genus Cudonia and the family Cudoniaceae are supported as monophyletic groups, while the genus Spathularia is not monophyletic. Although Cudoniaceae is monophyletic, our analyses agree with previous studies that this family is nested within the Rhytismataceae. Our phylogenetic analyses circumscribes 32 species-level clades, including the putative recognition of 23 undescribed phylogenetic species. Our molecular phylogeny also revealed an unexpectedly high species diversity of Cudonia and Spathularia in eastern Asia, with 16 (out of 21) species-level clades of Cudonia and 8 (out of 11) species-level clades of Spathularia. We estimate that the divergence time of the Cudoniaceae was in the Paleogene approximately 28 Million years ago (Mya) and that the ancestral area for this group of fungi was in Eastern Asia based on the current data. We hypothesize that the large-scale geological and climatic events in Oligocene (e. g. the global cooling and the uplift of the Tibetan plateau) may have triggered evolutionary radiations in this group of fungi in East Asia. This work provides a foundation for future studies on the phylogeny, diversity, and evolution of Cudonia and Spathularia and highlights the need for more molecular studies on collections from Europe and North America.

}, keywords = {China, divergence times, eocene-oligocene transition, Evolution, historical biogeography, northern-hemisphere, rdna phylogeny, ribosomal DNA-sequences, species recognition, true morels morchella}, isbn = {1932-6203}, author = {Ge, Z. W. and Yang, Z. L. and Pfister, D.H. and Carbone, M. and Bau, T. and Smith, M. E.} } @article {734136, title = {Placement of the genus Angelina within Rhytismatales and observations of Angelina rufescens}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {106}, number = {1}, year = {2014}, note = {

Ac3nvTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:22

}, month = {Jan-Feb}, pages = {154-162}, abstract = {

Angelina rufescens is placed within the core clade of Rhytismatales (Leotiomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota) based on analysis of LSU and mtSSU rDNA. The only species in the genus, it produces distinctive ascomata that reoccur annually on wood and on the remains of its own previous fructifications, forming dense conglomerations of interlocking longitudinally elongated apothecia with gray hymenia. Known collections and references of A. rufescens indicate that it is endemic to eastern and central United States. Morphological and cultural characters are described with notes on ascomata development. No mitospores were observed in field collections or in culture. Lectotypes are designated for Hysterium rufescens and its synonym Ascobolus conglomeratus. Angelina rufescens is illustrated here for the first time in the taxonomic literature.

}, keywords = {hypoderma, lectotypification, leotiomycetes, lewis david von schweinitz, lophodermium, mitochondrial ssu, nils peter angelin, nuclear lsu, ontogeny, rhytismataceae, subunit ribosomal DNA}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Karakehian, J. M. and LoBuglio, K. F. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734166, title = {The Caloscyphaceae (Pezizomycetes, Ascomycota), with a new genus}, journal = {Mycological Progress}, volume = {12}, number = {4}, year = {2013}, note = {

235ilTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:21

}, month = {Nov}, pages = {667-674}, abstract = {

The family Caloscyphaceae with a single genus, Caloscypha, has been considered to include a single species, C. fulgens. Study of an overlooked second species, Caloscypha incarnata from North Africa and Italy, using SSU, LSU rDNA, and morphology allows placement of this species in a new genus, Kallistoskypha, in the Caloscyphaceae. This fungus is found in association with Eucalyptus species. The species was recently redescribed from Spain under the name Marcelleina parvispora. Caloscypha fulgens, the type species of the genus Caloscypha, shows sequence variation from across its range.

}, keywords = {conifer pathogen, eucalyptus, marcelleina parvispora, pezizales, rdna, sequences}, isbn = {1617-416x}, author = {Pfister, D.H. and Agnello, C. and Lantieri, A. and LoBuglio, K. F.} } @article {734171, title = {High diversity and widespread occurrence of mitotic spore mats in ectomycorrhizal Pezizales}, journal = {Molecular Ecology}, volume = {22}, number = {6}, year = {2013}, note = {

107inTimes Cited:7Cited References Count:67

}, month = {Mar}, pages = {1717-1732}, abstract = {

Fungal mitospores may function as dispersal units and/ or spermatia and thus play a role in distribution and/or mating of species that produce them. Mitospore production in ectomycorrhizal (EcM) Pezizales is rarely reported, but here we document mitospore production by a high diversity of EcM Pezizales on three continents, in both hemispheres. We sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial large subunit (LSU) nuclear rDNA from 292 spore mats (visible mitospore clumps) collected in Argentina, Chile, China, Mexico and the USA between 2009 and 2012. We collated spore mat ITS sequences with 105 fruit body and 47 EcM root sequences to generate operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Phylogenetic inferences were made through analyses of both molecular data sets. A total of 48 OTUs from spore mats represented six independent EcM Pezizales lineages and included truffles and cup fungi. Three clades of seven OTUs have no known meiospore stage. Mitospores failed to germinate on sterile media, or form ectomycorrhizas on Quercus, Pinus and Populus seedlings, consistent with a hypothesized role of spermatia. The broad geographic range, high frequency and phylogenetic diversity of spore mats produced by EcM Pezizales suggests that a mitospore stage is important for many species in this group in terms of mating, reproduction and/or dispersal.

}, keywords = {Community structure, cryptic diversity, DNA, ectomycorrhizal pezizales, environmental sequencing, fungal diversity, internal transcribed spacer, mitospore, phylogenetic analysis, pinus-ponderosa, primary succession, quercus woodland, sporocarps, truffle, tuber}, isbn = {0962-1083}, author = {Healy, R. A. and Smith, M. E. and Bonito, G. M. and Pfister, D.H. and Ge, Z. W. and Guevara, G. G. and Williams, G. and Stafford, K. and Kumar, L. and Lee, T. and Hobart, C. and Trappe, J. and Vilgalys, R. and Mclaughlin, D. J.} } @article {734196, title = {Historical Biogeography and Diversification of Truffles in the Tuberaceae and Their Newly Identified Southern Hemisphere Sister Lineage}, journal = {Plos One}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, year = {2013}, note = {

067upTimes Cited:20Cited References Count:68

}, month = {Jan 2}, abstract = {

Truffles have evolved from epigeous (aboveground) ancestors in nearly every major lineage of fleshy fungi. Because accelerated rates of morphological evolution accompany the transition to the truffle form, closely related epigeous ancestors remain unknown for most truffle lineages. This is the case for the quintessential truffle genus Tuber, which includes species with socio-economic importance and esteemed culinary attributes. Ecologically, Tuber spp. form obligate mycorrhizal symbioses with diverse species of plant hosts including pines, oaks, poplars, orchids, and commercially important trees such as hazelnut and pecan. Unfortunately, limited geographic sampling and inconclusive phylogenetic relationships have obscured our understanding of their origin, biogeography, and diversification. To address this problem, we present a global sampling of Tuberaceae based on DNA sequence data from four loci for phylogenetic inference and molecular dating. Our well-resolved Tuberaceae phylogeny shows high levels of regional and continental endemism. We also identify a previously unknown epigeous member of the Tuberaceae - the South American cup-fungus Nothojafnea thaxteri (E.K. Cash) Gamundi. Phylogenetic resolution was further improved through the inclusion of a previously unrecognized Southern hemisphere sister group of the Tuberaceae. This morphologically diverse assemblage of species includes truffle (e.g. Gymnohydnotrya spp.) and non-truffle forms that are endemic to Australia and South America. Southern hemisphere taxa appear to have diverged more recently than the Northern hemisphere lineages. Our analysis of the Tuberaceae suggests that Tuber evolved from an epigeous ancestor. Molecular dating estimates Tuberaceae divergence in the late Jurassic (similar to 156 million years ago), with subsequent radiations in the Cretaceous and Paleogene. Intra-continental diversification, limited long-distance dispersal, and ecological adaptations help to explain patterns of truffle evolution and biodiversity.

}, keywords = {clades, Dispersal, diversity, ectomycorrhizal fungi, Evolution, genus tuber, phylogenetic-relationships, sp-nov, Taxonomy, true}, isbn = {1932-6203}, author = {Bonito, G. and Smith, M. E. and Nowak, M. and Healy, R. A. and Guevara, G. and Cazares, E. and Kinoshita, A. and Nouhra, E. R. and Dominguez, L. S. and Tedersoo, L. and Murat, C. and Wang, Y. and Moreno, B. A. and Pfister, D.H. and Nara, K. and Zambonelli, A. and Trappe, J. M. and Vilgalys, R.} } @article {734181, title = {The Laboulbeniales of the Boston Harbor Islands}, journal = {Phytopathology}, volume = {103}, number = {6}, year = {2013}, note = {

Suppl. 2196tmTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:0

}, month = {Jun}, pages = {54-54}, abstract = {

This paper, based on a recent comprehensive sampling of insects, is the rstreport of Laboulbeniales from the New England region since the 1930s. We present 7 new records of laboulbenialean parasites on Staphylinidae (rove beetles) and Coccinellidae (lady beetles) from the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area. These are\ Clonophoro- myces nipponicus\ Terada \& I.I. Tav.,\ Hesperomyces virescens\ Thaxt.,\ Ilyomyces\ cf.\ maireiF. Picard,\ Laboulbenia philonthi\ Thaxt.,\ Peyritschiella protea\ Thaxt.,\ Stichomyces conoso- matis\ Thaxt., and\ Teratomyces actobii\ Thaxt. One of these parasite species,\ C. nipponicus, has not been found previously outside of its type locality in Japan. Examination of Roland Thaxter{\textquoteright}s 1891{\textendash}1932 slides led to the designation of lectotypes for\ L. philonthi,\ P. protea,S. conosomatis, and\ T. actobii. The following synonymy is established:\ Teratomyces brevi- caulis\ Thaxt. =\ T. actobii. In addition, we discovered new localities for\ H. virescens\ (from Canada, Cuba, Guatemala, and Japan) and\ L. philonthi\ (from Canada, Grenada, Panama, Trinidad, and Venezuela).

}, isbn = {0031-949x}, author = {Haelewaters, D. and Zhao, S.Y. and De Kesel, A. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734176, title = {A phylogeny of the highly diverse cup-fungus family Pyronemataceae (Pezizomycetes, Ascomycota) clarifies relationships and evolution of selected life history traits}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {67}, number = {2}, year = {2013}, note = {

127kxTimes Cited:3Cited References Count:121

}, month = {May}, pages = {311-335}, abstract = {

Pyronemataceae is the largest and most heterogeneous family of Pezizomycetes. It is morphologically and ecologically highly diverse, comprising saprobic, ectomycorrhizal, bryosymbiotic and parasitic species, occurring in a broad range of habitats (on soil, burnt ground, debris, wood, dung and inside living bryophytes, plants and lichens). To assess the monophyly of Pyronemataceae and provide a phylogenetic hypothesis of the group, we compiled a four-gene dataset including one nuclear ribosomal and three protein-coding genes for 132 distinct Pezizomycetes species (4437 nucleotides with all markers available for 80\% of the total 142 included taxa). This is the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Pyronemataceae, and Pezizomycetes, to date. Three hundred ninety-four new sequences were generated during this project, with the following numbers for each gene: RPB1 (124), RPB2 (99), EF-1 alpha (120) and LSU rDNA (51). The dataset includes 93 unique species from 40 genera of Pyronemataceae, and 34 species from 25 genera representing an additional 12 families of the class. Parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses suggest that Pyronemataceae is paraphyletic due to the nesting of both Ascodesmidaceae and Glaziellaceae within the family. Four lineages with taxa currently classified in the family, the Boubovia, Geopyxis, Pseudombrophila and Pulvinula lineages, form a monophyletic group with Ascodesmidaceae and Glaziellaceae. We advocate the exclusion of these four lineages in order to recognize a monophyletic Pyronemataceae. The genus Coprotus (Thelebolales, Leotiomycetes) is shown to belong to Pezizomycetes, forming a strongly supported monophyletic group with Boubovia. Ten strongly supported lineages are identified within Pyronemataceae s. str. Of these, the Pyropyxis and Otidea lineages are identified as successive sister lineages to the rest of Pyronemataceae s. str. The highly reduced (gymnohymenial) Monascella is shown to belong to Pezizomycetes and is for the first time suggested to be closely related to the cleistothecial Warcupia, as a sister group to the primarily apothecial Otidea. None of the lineages of pyronemataceous taxa identified here correspond to previous families or subfamily classifications. Ancestral character state reconstructions (ASR) using a Bayesian approach support that the ancestors of Pezizomycetes and Pyronemataceae were soil inhabiting and saprobic. Ectomycorrhizae have arisen within both lineages A, B and C of Pezizomycetes and are suggested to have evolved independently seven to eight times within Pyronemataceae s. L, whereas an obligate bryosymbiotic lifestyle has arisen only twice. No reversals to a free-living, saprobic lifestyle have happened from symbiotic or parasitic Pyronemataceae. Specializations to various substrates (e.g. burnt ground and dung) are suggested to have occurred several times in mainly saprobic lineages. Although carotenoids in the apothecia are shown to have arisen at least four times in Pezizomycetes, the ancestor of Pyronemataceae s. str., excluding the Pyropyxis and Otidea lineages, most likely produced carotenoids, which were then subsequently lost in some clades ( and possibly gained again). Excipular hairs were found with a high probability to be absent from apothecia in the deepest nodes of Pezizomycetes and in the ancestor of Pyronemataceae s. str. True hairs are restricted to the core group of Pyronemataceae s. str., but are also found in Lasiobolus (Ascodesmidaceae), the Pseudombrophila lineage and the clade of Chorioactidaceae, Sarcoscyphaceae and Sarcosomataceae. The number of gains and losses of true hairs within Pyronemataceae s. str., however, remains uncertain. The ASR of ascospore guttulation under binary coding (present or absent) indicates that this character is fast evolving and prone to shifts. O 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {ancestral state reconstruction, beta-tubulin, bryosymbiotic, carotenoids, data sets, ectomycorrhizae, endolichenic fungi, lntrons, maximum-likelihood, mixed models, operculate discomycete, pezizales ascomycota, plotting simmap results, septal structures, sequence data, ultrastructural observations}, isbn = {1055-7903}, author = {Hansen, K. and Perry, B. A. and Dranginis, A. W. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734191, title = {Scutellinia (Pezizales) in Korea, with a new species and eight new records}, journal = {Nova Hedwigia}, volume = {97}, number = {3-4}, year = {2013}, note = {

260bbTimes Cited:1Cited References Count:50

}, pages = {457-476}, abstract = {

Eleven species of the genus Scutellinia (Pyronemataceae, Pezizales) are recognized in Korea by analysis of macro- and micro-morphological characteristics, substrates and geographical distributions. Eight species are recorded new to Korea, namely, S. ahmadiopsis, S. badio-berbis, S. colensoi, S. jilinensis, S. nigrohirtula, S. olivascens, S. setosa and S. patagonica. Based on the exceptional length of marginal hairs and tuberculate ascospore wall ornamentation, two Korean specimens occurring on wood are described as a new species. Infraspecific morphological variations among collections within S. scutellata and S. patagonica were found. These are tentatively treated as species complexes. The highly questionable occurrence of S. setosa in Asia was confirmed. The importance of characteristics of paraphyses for species delimitation is highlighted. Descriptions and taxonomic notes of the recognized species of Scutellinia are provided with a taxonomic key, illustrations and photographs of these species from Korea.

}, keywords = {ascomycete, China, east asia, flora, genus scutellinia, pyronemataceae ascomycota, s. kerguelensis, s. umbrarum, scutellinia erinaceus, wall ornamentation}, isbn = {0029-5035}, author = {Choi, Y. J. and Shin, H. D. and Han, J. G. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734186, title = {Two new species of Diphymyces (Fungi, Laboulbeniales) from Borneo}, journal = {Phytopathology}, volume = {103}, number = {6}, year = {2013}, note = {

Suppl. 2196tmTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:0

}, month = {Jun}, pages = {54-54}, isbn = {0031-949x}, author = {Haelewaters, D. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {746236, title = {Rickiella edulis and its phylogenetic relationships within Sarcoscyphaceae}, journal = {Kurtziana}, year = {2012}, pages = {79-89}, abstract = {

Rickiella edulis\ is reported from Argentina for the rst time and is documented with photographs of fresh specimens and molecular data. Previously the species was known as\ R. transiens\ (=\ Phillipsia transiens)and was reported from southern Brazil and Paraguay. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA and LSU rDNA shows its placement in a monophyletic family, the Sarcoscyphaceae. The relationship ofRickiella,\ Phillipsia\ and\ Nanoscypha\ however could not be resolved from phylogenetic analyses of the ITS, SSU, and LSU rDNA sequences. The excipular tissue of\ Rickiella\ is shot through with regularly spaced channels and cavities. Because of this feature, the genus\ Rickiella\ is recognized as distinct from\ Phillipsia.\ Phillipsia\ and\ Nanoscypha\ are morphologically distinct but diversity within\ Phillipsiaremains a topic for further research. A new tribe in the Sarcoscyphaceae is proposed to accommodate the genus\ Wynnea.

}, author = {A. I. Romero and LoBuglio, K. F. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734201, title = {Clarification of Peziza fimeti with notes on P. varia collections on dung}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {121}, year = {2012}, note = {

073jbTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:50

}, month = {Jul-Sep}, pages = {465-476}, abstract = {

The smooth-spored species inhabiting dung, mainly of the Peziza fimeti group, were studied morphologically and through ITS sequence comparison. The results established that Peziza varia is also able to fruit on dung, clarifying a long-standing situation regarding two conflicting interpretations given in P. fimeti literature.

}, keywords = {pezizales, Taxonomy}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Medardi, G. and Lantieri, A. and Pfister, D.H. and LoBuglio, K. F. and Cacialli, G.} } @article {734206, title = {A new species of Ruhlandiella (Pezizaceae) from Italy}, journal = {Mycological Progress}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, year = {2012}, note = {

921ncTimes Cited:2Cited References Count:13

}, month = {May}, pages = {509-513}, abstract = {

This paper describes the newly discovered species Ruhlandiella peregrina. Full description and illustrations of macro- and micromorphological features of the new taxon are provided. This species differs from other described species in ascus and ascospore size and in the crested and ridged ornamentation of ascospores. As is the case in two other similar species, the asci of R. peregrina do not becoming blue in iodine solutions.

}, keywords = {australian fungi, ectomycorrhizal, genus, Morphology, Taxonomy}, isbn = {1617-416x}, author = {Lantieri, A. and Smith, M. E. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734216, title = {Cophylogeny and biogeography of the fungal parasite Cyttaria and its host Nothofagus, southern beech}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {102}, number = {6}, year = {2010}, note = {

671eyTimes Cited:11Cited References Count:55

}, month = {Nov-Dec}, pages = {1417-1425}, abstract = {

The obligate, biotrophic association among species of the fungal genus Cyttaria and their hosts in the plant genus Nothofagas often is cited as a classic example of cophylogeny and is one of the few cases in which the biogeography of a fungus is commonly mentioned or included in biogeographic analyses. In this study molecular and morphological data are used to examine hypotheses regarding the cophylogeny and biogeography of the 12 species of Cyttaria and their hosts, the 11 species of Nothofagas subgenera Lophozonia and Nothofagus. Our results indicate highly significant overall cophylogenetic structure, despite the fact that the associations between species of Cyttaria and Nothojagus usually do not correspond in a simple one to one relationship. Two major lineages of Cyttaria are confined to a single Nothofagus subgenus, a specificity that might. account for a minimum of two codivergences. We hypothesize other major codivergences. Numerous extinction also are assumed, as are an independent. parasite divergence followed by host switching to account for C. berteroi. Considering the historical association of Cyttaria and Nothofagus, our hypothesis may support the vicariance hypothesis for the trans-Antarctic distribution between Australasian and South American species of Cyttaria species hosted by subgenus Lophozonia. It also supports the hypothesis of transoceanic long distance dispersal to account for the relatively recent relationship between Australian and New Zealand Cyttaria species, which we estimate to have occurred 44.6-28.5 mya. Thus the history of these organisms is not only a reflection of the breakup of Gondwana but also of other events that have contributed to the distributions of many other southern hemisphere plants and fungi.

}, keywords = {absolute rates, Australasia, divergence times, fagaceae, fossil record, leotiomycetes, long distance dispersal, long-distance dispersal, molecular evolution, new-zealand, patterns, plant, South America, southern hemisphere, spacer, vicariance}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Peterson, K. R. and Pfister, D.H. and Bell, C. D.} } @article {734231, title = {A new species of Marcelleina from Italy}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {111}, year = {2010}, note = {

581cgTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:4

}, month = {Jan-Mar}, pages = {465-469}, abstract = {

Marcelleina mediterranea is described as a new species and is illustrated. It occurs on sandy soil among scattered mosses, in Southeast Sicily (Italy). It differs from other species in size and ornamentation of ascospores. Its ecology and taxonomical relationships are examined.

}, keywords = {Morphology, pezizales, pyronemataceae, Taxonomy}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Lantieri, A. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734221, title = {Phylogeny of Cyttaria inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial sequence and morphological data}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {102}, number = {6}, year = {2010}, note = {

671eyTimes Cited:6Cited References Count:99

}, month = {Nov-Dec}, pages = {1398-1416}, abstract = {

Cyttaria species (Leotiomycetes, Cyttariales) are obligate, biotrophic associates of Nothofagus (Hamamelididae, Nothofagaceae), the southern beech. As such Cyttaria species are restricted to the southern hemisphere, inhabiting southern South America (Argentina and Chile) and southeastern Australasia (southeastern Australia including Tasmania, and New Zealand). The relationship of Cyttaria to other Leotiomycetes and the relationships among species of Cyttaria were investigated with newly generated sequences of partial nucSSU, nucLSU and mitSSU rRNA, as well as TEE] sequence data and morphological data. Results found Cyttaria to be defined as a strongly supported clade. There is evidence for a close relationship between Cyttaria and these members of the Helotiales: Cordierites, certain Encoelia spp., Ionomidotis and to a lesser extent Chlorociboria. Order Cyttariales is supported by molecular data, as well as by the unique endostromatic apothecia, lack of chitin and highly specific habit of Cyttaria species. Twelve Cyttaria species are hypothesized, including all 11 currently accepted species plus an undescribed species that accommodates specimens known in New Zealand by the misapplied name C. gunnii, as revealed by molecular data. Thus the name C. gunnii sensu stricto is reserved for specimens occurring on N. cunninghamii in Australia, including Tasmania. Morphological data now support the continued recognition of C. septentrionalis as a species separate from C. gunnii. Three major clades are identified within Cyttaria: one in South America hosted by subgenus Nothofagus, another in South America hosted by subgenera Nothofagus and Lophozonia, and a third in South America and Australasia hosted by subgenus Lophozonia, thus producing a non-monophyletic grade of South American species and a monophyletic clade of Australasian species, including monophyletic Australian and New Zealand clades. Cyttaria species do not sort into clades according to their associations with subgenera Lophozonia and Nothofagus.

}, keywords = {Classification, encoelioideae, Evolution, fungi, helotiales, leotiomycetes, missing data, new-zealand, nothofagus, nothofagus nothofagaceae, rdna phylogeny, ribosomal DNA, southern hemisphere, tree}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Peterson, K. R. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734226, title = {Placement of Medeolaria farlowii in the Leotiomycetes, and comments on sampling within the class}, journal = {Mycological Progress}, volume = {9}, number = {3}, year = {2010}, note = {

691mpTimes Cited:4Cited References Count:24

}, month = {Aug}, pages = {361-368}, abstract = {

Medeolaria farlowii, an ascomycetous parasite of Medeola virginiana, has been included as the only member of the family Medeolariaceae and order Medeolariales. Its assignment within the Ascomycota has been problematic due to the lack of distinctive ascomatal form and ascus morphology. Asci are formed in a loosely organized hymenium on hypertrophic portions of Medeola virginiana stems. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear 5.8S, large subunit, and small subunit rDNA gene sequences place M. farlowii in the Leotiomycetes with parsimony, Bayesian, and maximum likelihood analyses, but its position within this class remains unresolved. In general, limited taxon and gene sampling in the Leotiomycetes hampers placement of taxa within this class. A survey of available sequence data in the Leotiomycetes is given, and the implication for phylogenetic studies within the class is discussed. Medeolaria farlowii should be treated as a monotypic genus in the monotypic order Medeolariales, class Leotiomycetes.

}, keywords = {ascomycota, Classification, DNA-sequences, Evolution, fungi, genus, leotiomycetes, medeola, medeolaria, pezizomycotina, phylogenetic-relationships, plant parasite, rdna, ribosomal DNA}, isbn = {1617-416x}, author = {LoBuglio, K. F. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734211, title = {Promotion of Mn(II) Oxidation and Remediation of Coal Mine Drainage in Passive Treatment Systems by Diverse Fungal and Bacterial Communities}, journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology}, volume = {76}, number = {14}, year = {2010}, note = {

621uxTimes Cited:22Cited References Count:50

}, month = {Jul}, pages = {4871-4875}, abstract = {

Biologically active, passive treatment systems are commonly employed for removing high concentrations of dissolved Mn(II) from coal mine drainage (CMD). Studies of microbial communities contributing to Mn attenuation through the oxidation of Mn(II) to sparingly soluble Mn(III/IV) oxide minerals, however, have been sparse to date. This study reveals a diverse community of Mn(II)-oxidizing fungi and bacteria existing in several CMD treatment systems.

}, keywords = {environments, enzymatic manganese(ii) oxidation, heavy-metals, plectosphaerella-cucumerina, plectosporium, removal, sequestration, soil microbial properties, strain, waters}, isbn = {0099-2240}, author = {Santelli, C. M. and Pfister, D.H. and Lazarus, D. and Sun, L. and Burgos, W. D. and Hansel, C. M.} } @article {734236, title = {Scutellinia jejuensis (Pezizales), a new species from Korea}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {112}, year = {2010}, note = {

616yoTimes Cited:2Cited References Count:12

}, month = {Apr-Jun}, pages = {47-53}, abstract = {

A new species of Scutellinia discovered in Jeju, Korea, Scutellinia jejuensis, is formally introduced. A combination of morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of the partial LSU rDNA demonstrates that the fungus represents a species distinct from all other subglobose to globose-spored Scutellinia species.

}, keywords = {aculeolate-reticulate, jeju island, soil-inhabiting, subglobose ascospores}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Han, J. G. and Choi, Y. J. and Pfister, D.H. and Shin, H. D.} } @article {734246, title = {The Ascomycota Tree of Life: A Phylum-wide Phylogeny Clarifies the Origin and Evolution of Fundamental Reproductive and Ecological Traits}, journal = {Systematic Biology}, volume = {58}, number = {2}, year = {2009}, note = {

475ccTimes Cited:195Cited References Count:75

}, month = {Apr}, pages = {224-239}, abstract = {

We present a 6-gene, 420-species maximum-likelihood phylogeny of Ascomycota, the largest phylum of Fungi. This analysis is the most taxonomically complete to date with species sampled from all 15 currently circumscribed classes. A number of superclass-level nodes that have previously evaded resolution and were unnamed in classifications of the Fungi are resolved for the first time. Based on the 6-gene phylogeny we conducted a phylogenetic informativeness analysis of all 6 genes and a series of ancestral character state reconstructions that focused on morphology of sporocarps, ascus dehiscence, and evolution of nutritional modes and ecologies. A gene-by-gene assessment of phylogenetic informativeness yielded higher levels of informativeness for protein genes (RPB1, RPB2, and TEF1) as compared with the ribosomal genes, which have been the standard bearer in fungal systematics. Our reconstruction of sporocarp characters is consistent with 2 origins for multicellular sexual reproductive structures in Ascomycota, once in the common ancestor of Pezizomycotina and once in the common ancestor of Neolectomycetes. This first report of dual origins of ascomycete sporocarps highlights the complicated nature of assessing homology of morphological traits across Fungi. Furthermore, ancestral reconstruction supports an open sporocarp with an exposed hymenium (apothecium) as the primitive morphology for Pezizomycotina with multiple derivations of the partially (perithecia) or completely enclosed (cleistothecia) sporocarps. Ascus dehiscence is most informative at the class level within Pezizomycotina with most superclass nodes reconstructed equivocally. Character-state reconstructions support a terrestrial, saprobic ecology as ancestral. In contrast to previous studies, these analyses support multiple origins of lichenization events with the loss of lichenization as less frequent and limited to terminal, closely related species.

}, keywords = {ancestral character reconstruction, Classification, cleistothecial fungi, divergence, eukaryotes, fungal lineages, fungi, large data sets, lichenization, Morphology, multiple sequence alignment, pezizomycotina, Phylogeny, rna-polymerase-ii, subunit}, isbn = {1063-5157}, author = {Schoch, C. L. and Sung, G. H. and Lopez-Giraldez, F. and Townsend, J. P. and Miadlikowska, J. and Hofstetter, V. and Robbertse, B. and Matheny, P. B. and Kauff, F. and Wang, Z. and Gueidan, C. and Andrie, R. M. and Trippe, K. and Ciufetti, L. M. and Wynns, A. and Fraker, E. and Hodkinson, B. P. and Bonito, G. and Groenewald, J. Z. and Arzanlou, M. and de Hoog, G. S. and Crous, P. W. and Hewitt, D. and Pfister, D.H. and Peterson, K. and Gryzenhout, M. and Wingfield, M. J. and Aptroot, A. and Suh, S. O. and Blackwell, M. and Hillis, D. M. and Griffith, G. W. and Castlebury, L. A. and Rossman, A. Y. and Lumbsch, H. T. and Lucking, R. and Budel, B. and Rauhut, A. and Diederich, P. and Ertz, D. and Geiser, D. M. and Hosaka, K. and Inderbitzin, P. and Kohlmeyer, J. and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B. and Mostert, L. and O{\textquoteright}Donnell, K. and Sipman, H. and Rogers, J. D. and Shoemaker, R. A. and Sugiyama, J. and Summerbell, R. C. and Untereiner, W. and Johnston, P. R. and Stenroos, S. and Zuccaro, A. and Dyer, P. S. and Crittenden, P. D. and Cole, M. S. and Hansen, K. and Trappe, J. M. and Yahr, R. and Lutzoni, F. and Spatafora, J. W.} } @article {734256, title = {Fungi evolved right on track}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {101}, number = {6}, year = {2009}, note = {

516qqTimes Cited:61Cited References Count:64

}, month = {Nov-Dec}, pages = {810-822}, abstract = {

Dating of fungal divergences with molecular clocks thus far has yielded highly inconsistent results. The origin of fungi was estimated at between 660 million and up to 2.15 billion y ago, and the divergence of the two major lineages of higher Fungi, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, at between 390 million y and LIP to 1.5 billion y ago. Assuming that these inconsistencies stein from various causes, we reassessed the systematic placement of the most important fungal fossil, Paleopyrenomycites, and recalibrated internally unconstrained, published molecular clock trees by applying uniform calibration points. As a result the origin of fungi was re-estimated at between 760 million and 1.06 billion y ago and the origin of the Ascomycota at 500-650 million y ago. These dates are much more consistent than previous estimates, even if based on the same phylogenies and molecular clock trees, and they are also much better in line with the fossil record of fungi and plants and the ecological interdependence between filamentous fungi and land plants. Our results do not provide evidence to suggest the existence of ancient protolichens as an alternative to explain the ecology of early terrestrial fungi in the absence of land plants.

}, keywords = {apical apparatus, divergence times, early evolution, ediacaran, eurodomycetes, geologic time, land plants, late proterozoic, lecanoromycetes, lecanoromycetes ascomycota, pezizales, pezizomycotina, phylogenetic-relationships, protolichens, rhynie chert, sequence data, sordariomycetes, vendian}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Lucking, R. and Huhndorf, S. and Pfister, D.H. and Plata, E. R. and Lumbsch, H. T.} } @article {734251, title = {Mn(II)-oxidizing fungi in metal contaminated environments}, journal = {Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta}, volume = {73}, number = {13}, year = {2009}, note = {

460ysTimes Cited:1Cited References Count:0

}, month = {Jun}, pages = {A1156-A1156}, isbn = {0016-7037}, author = {Santelli, C. M. and Pfister, D.H. and Lazarus, D. and Burgos, W. and Hansel, C. M.} } @article {734241, title = {Tuberculate Ectomycorrhizae of Angiosperms: The Interaction between Boletus Rubropunctus (Boletaceae) and Quercus Species (Fagaceae) in the United States and Mexico}, journal = {American Journal of Botany}, volume = {96}, number = {9}, year = {2009}, note = {

PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USABOTANICAL SOC AMER INCST LOUIShttp://www.botany.org/Article

}, month = {Sep}, pages = {1665-1675}, abstract = {

Tuberculate ectomycorrhizae (TECM) are unique structures in which aggregates of ectomycorrhizal roots are encased in a covering of fungal hyphae. The function of TECM is unknown, but they probably enhance the nitrogen nutrition and disease resistance of host plants. Trees in the Pinaceae form TECM with species of Rhizopogon and Suillus (Suillineae, Boletales). Similar tubercules are found with diverse angiosperms, but their mycobionts have not been phylogenetically characterized. We collected TECM in Mexico and the USA that were similar to TECM in previous reports. We describe these TECM and identify both the plant and fungal symbionts. Plant DNA confirms that TECM hosts are Quercus species. ITS sequences from tubercules and sclerotia (hyphal aggregations that serve as survival structures) matched sporocarps of Boletus rubropunctus. Phylogenetic analyses confirm that this fungus belongs to the suborder Boletineae (Boletales). This is the first published report of TECM formation in the Boletineae and of sclerotia formation by a Boletus species. Our data suggest that the TECM morphology is all adaptive feature that has evolved separately in two suborders of Boletales (Suillineae and Boletineae) and that TECM formation is controlled by the mycobiont because TECM are found on distantly related angiosperm and gymnosperm host plants.

}, keywords = {Boletales, ectomycorrhizal fungi, plant sciences, Quercus, rhizomorph, sclerotia, soil ecology, symbiosis, tuberculate ectomycorrhizae}, isbn = {0002-9122}, author = {Smith, M. E. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {747091, title = {Early illustrations of Xylaria species}, journal = {North American Fungi}, volume = {3}, year = {2008}, pages = {161-166}, abstract = {

Four 17th\ and early 18th\ Century examples of illustrations of\ Xylaria\ species are presented. One of the earliest illustrations of a\ Xylaria\ species is that in Mentzel{\textquoteright}s\ Pugillus rariorum plantarumpublished in 1682 and which Fries referred to\ Sphaeria polymorpha. An 1711 illustration by Marchant is noteworthy in the detail of the observations; perithecia and ascospores are noted and illustrated. Marchant considered this fungus to be related to marine corals. The plate was subsequently redone and incorporated by Micheli in his 1729 publication,\ Nova plantarum genera; this Micheli plate was listed by Fries under a different species,\ Sphaeria digitata. Although Fries mentions several illustrations ofSphaeria hypoxylon\ not all the sources he cited contain illustrations. The earliest illustration associated\ with this species that was located is Micheli{\textquoteright}s in 1729. These illustrations are included along with\ discussion of the authors and books in which the illustrations appear.

}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {747096, title = {Integrated studies in the classification of the Pezizaceae, re-evaluation of the genus Pachyella with a new segregate genus Adelphella}, journal = {Mycologia Montengrina }, volume = {11}, year = {2008}, pages = {7-17}, author = {Pfister, D.H. and Matocec, N. and Kusan, I.} } @article {734266, title = {Chaetothiersia vernalis, a new genus and species of Pyronemataceae (Ascomycota, Pezizales) from California}, journal = {Fungal Diversity}, volume = {28}, year = {2008}, note = {

299ciTimes Cited:4Cited References Count:16

}, month = {Jan 31}, pages = {65-72}, abstract = {

Chaetothiersia vernalis, collected from the northern High Sierra Nevada of California, is described as a new genus and species. This fungus is characterized by stiff, superficial, brown excipular hairs, smooth, eguttulate ascospores, and a thin ectal excipulum composed of globose to angular-globose cells. Phylogenetic analyses of nLSU rDNA sequence data support the recognition of Chaetothiersia as a distinct genus, and suggest a close relationship to the genus Paratrichophaea.

}, keywords = {discomycetes, inference, molecular phylogenetics, mrbayes, nlsu rdna, phylogenies, sierra nevada fungi, snow bank fungi, Systematics}, isbn = {1560-2745}, author = {Perry, B. A. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734261, title = {Chorioactidaceae: a new family in the Pezizales (Ascomycota) with four genera}, journal = {Mycological Research}, volume = {112}, year = {2008}, note = {

5306tpTimes Cited:3Cited References Count:75

}, month = {May}, pages = {513-527}, abstract = {

Molecular phylogenetic and comparative morphological studies provide evidence for the recognition of a new family, Chorioactidaceae, in the Pezizales. Four genera are placed in the family: Chorioactis, Desmazierella, Neournula, and Wolfina. Based on parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian analyses of LSU, SSU, and RPB2 sequence data, Chorioactidaceae represents a sister clade to the Sarcosomataceae, to which some of these taxa were previously referred. Morphologically these genera are similar in pigmentation, excipular construction, and asci, which mostly have terminal opercula and rounded, sometimes forked, bases without croziers. Ascospores have cyanophilic walls or cyanophilic surface ornamentation in the form of ridges or warts. So far as is known the ascospores and the cells of the paraphyses of all species are multinucleate. The six species recognized in these four genera all have limited geographical distributions in the northern hemisphere. (c) 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {asci, ascospores, fungi, geaster, genus, inference, lsu, pezizaceae, phylogenetic-relationships, rpb2, sarcoscyphaceae, sarcoscyphineae, sarcosomataceae, sequences, ssu}, isbn = {0953-7562}, author = {Pfister, D.H. and Slater, C. and Hansen, K.} } @article {734271, title = {A Glomerella species phylogenetically related to Colletotrichum acutatum on Norway maple in Massachusetts}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {100}, number = {5}, year = {2008}, note = {

365vcTimes Cited:8Cited References Count:20

}, month = {Sep-Oct}, pages = {710-715}, abstract = {

A fungus isolated from Norway maple (Acer platanoides) in the Boston, Massachusetts, area was determined to be it species of Glomerella, the teleomorph of Colletotrichum, acutatum. Pure. cultures of the fungus were obtained from discharged ascospores from perithecia in leaf tissue. This fungus was determined to be homothallic based oil the observation of perithecial development in cultures of single-spore isolates grown oil minimal salts media and with Sterile toothpicks. A morphological and molecular analysis was conducted to determine the taxonomic position of this fungus. Parsimony analyses of a combined nucleotide dataset of the ITS and LSU rDNA re-ion, and of the D1-D2 LSU rDNA re-ion, indicated diat. this species has phylogenetic affinifies with Colletotrichum acutatum, C. acutatum f. Sp. pineum, C. lupini, C. phormii and G. miyabeana. These results are significant because C. acutatum has not been reported oil Acer platanoides. Ill addition the consistent presence of perithecia on leaf tissue and in culture is unusual for Colletotrichum in. suggesting that the teleomorphic state is{\textquoteright} important ill file life cycle of this fungus.

}, keywords = {acer, anamorph, ascomycota, Phylogeny, rdna, ribosomal DNA, sequences, teleomorph}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {LoBuglio, K. F. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734276, title = {Preserving accuracy in GenBank}, journal = {Science}, volume = {319}, number = {5870}, year = {2008}, note = {

276vrTimes Cited:88Cited References Count:4

}, month = {Mar 21}, pages = {1616-1616}, keywords = {annotation, errors, sequences}, isbn = {0036-8075}, author = {Bidartondo, M. I. and Bruns, T. D. and Blackwell, M. and Edwards, I. and Taylor, A. F. S. and Horton, T. and Zhang, N. and Koljalg, U. and May, G. and Kuyper, T. W. and Bever, J. D. and Gilbert, G. and Taylor, J. W. and DeSantis, T. Z. and Pringle, A. and Borneman, J. and Thorn, G. and Berbee, M. and Mueller, G. M. and Andersen, G. L. and Vellinga, E. C. and Branco, S. and Anderson, I. and Dickie, I. A. and Avis, P. and Timonen, S. and Kjoller, R. and Lodge, D. J. and Bateman, R. M. and Purvis, A. and Crous, P. W. and Hawkes, C. and Barraclough, T. and Burt, A. and Nilsson, R. H. and Larsson, K. H. and Alexander, I. and Moncalvo, J. M. and Berube, J. and Spatafora, J. and Lumbsch, H. T. and Blair, J. E. and Suh, S. O. and Pfister, D.H. and Binder, M. and Boehm, E. W. and Kohn, L. and Mata, J. L. and Dyer, P. and Sung, G. H. and Dentinger, B. and Simmons, E. G. and Baird, R. E. and Volk, T. J. and Perry, B. A. and Kerrigan, R. W. and Campbell, J. and Rajesh, J. and Reynolds, D. R. and Geiser, D. and Humber, R. A. and Hausmann, N. and Szaro, T. and Stajich, J. and Gathman, A. and Peay, K. G. and Henkel, T. and Robinson, C. H. and Pukkila, P. J. and Nguyen, N. H. and Villalta, C. and Kennedy, P. and Bergemann, S. and Aime, M. C. and Kauff, F. and Porras-Alfaro, A. and Gueidan, C. and Beck, A. and Andersen, B. and Marek, S. and Crouch, J. A. and Kerrigan, J. and Ristaino, J. B. and Hodge, K. T. and Kuldau, G. and Samuels, G. J. and Raja, H. A. and Voglmayr, H. and Gardes, M. and Janos, D. P. and Rogers, J. D. and Cannon, P. and Woolfolk, S. W. and Kistler, H. C. and Castellano, M. A. and Maldonado-Ramirez, S. L. and Kirk, P. M. and Farrar, J. J. and Osmundson, T. and Currah, R. S. and Vujanovic, V. and Chen, W. D. and Korf, R. P. and Atallah, Z. K. and Harrison, K. J. and Guarro, J. and Bates, S. T. and Bonello, P. and Bridge, P. and Schell, W. and Rossi, W. and Stenlid, J. and Frisvad, J. C. and Miller, R. M. and Baker, S. E. and Hallen, H. E. and Janso, J. E. and Wilson, A. W. and Conway, K. E. and Egerton-Warburton, L. and Wang, Z. and Eastburn, D. and Ho, W. W. H. and Kroken, S. and Stadler, M. and Turgeon, G. and Lichtwardt, R. W. and Stewart, E. L. and Wedin, M. and Li, D. W. and Uchida, J. Y. and Jumpponen, A. and Deckert, R. J. and Beker, H. J. and Rogers, S. O. and Xu, J. A. P. and Johnston, P. and Shoemaker, R. A. and Liu, M. A. and Marques, G. and Summerell, B. and Sokolski, S. and Thrane, U. and Widden, P. and Bruhn, J. N. and Bianchinotti, V. and Tuthill, D. and Baroni, T. J. and Barron, G. and Hosaka, K. and Jewell, K. and Piepenbring, M. and Sullivan, R. and Griffith, G. W. and Bradley, S. G. and Aoki, T. and Yoder, W. T. and Ju, Y. M. and Berch, S. M. and Trappe, M. and Duan, W. J. and Bonito, G. and Taber, R. A. and Coelho, G. and Bills, G. and Ganley, A. and Agerer, R. and Nagy, L. and Roy, B. A. and Laessoe, T. and Hallenberg, N. and Tichy, H. V. and Stalpers, J. and Langer, E. and Scholler, M. and Krueger, D. and Pacioni, G. and Poder, R. and Pennanen, T. and Capelari, M. and Nakasone, K. and Tewari, J. P. and Miller, A. N. and Decock, C. and Huhndorf, S. and Wach, M. and Vishniac, H. S. and Yohalem, D. S. and Smith, M. E. and Glenn, A. E. and Spiering, M. and Lindner, D. L. and Schoch, C. and Redhead, S. A. and Ivors, K. and Jeffers, S. N. and Geml, J. and Okafor, F. and Spiegel, F. W. and Dewsbury, D. and Carroll, J. and Porter, T. M. and Pashley, C. and Carpenter, S. E. and Abad, G. and Voigt, K. and Arenz, B. and Methven, A. S. and Schechter, S. and Vance, P. and Mahoney, D. and Kang, S. C. and Rheeder, J. P. and Mehl, J. and Greif, M. and Ngala, G. N. and Ammirati, J. and Kawasaki, M. and Gwo-Fang, Y. A. and Matsumoto, T. and Smith, D. and Koenig, G. and Luoma, D. and May, T. and Leonardi, M. and Sigler, L. and Taylor, D. L. and Gibson, C. and Sharpton, T. and Hawksworth, D. L. and Dianese, J. C. and Trudell, S. A. and Paulus, B. and Padamsee, M. and Callac, P. and Lima, N. and White, M. and Barreau, C. and Juncai, M. A. and Buyck, B. and Rabeler, R. K. and Liles, M. R. and Estes, D. and Carter, R. and Herr, J. M. and Chandler, G. and Kerekes, J. and Cruse-Sanders, J. and Marquez, R. G. and Horak, E. and Fitzsimons, M. and Doring, H. and Yao, S. and Hynson, N. and Ryberg, M. and Arnold, A. E. and Hughes, K.} } @article {734281, title = {New records of cup-fungi from Iceland with comments an some previously reported species}, journal = {Nordic Journal of Botany}, volume = {25}, number = {1-2}, year = {2007}, note = {

295brTimes Cited:1Cited References Count:49

}, pages = {104-112}, abstract = {

Twelve species of cup-fungi in the orders Pezizales and Helotiales are reported for the first time from Iceland and comments are made on eight species previously reported. Distributions and habitats are noted. Newly reported records of species occurrences are as follows: Ascocoryne cylichnium, Gloeotinia granigena, Melastiza flavorubens, Octospora melina, O. leucoloma, Ombrophila violacea, Peziza apiculata sensu lato, P. phyllogena, P. succosa, Pseudombrophila theioleuca, Ramsbottomia macracantha and Tarzetta cupularis. Recent work allows the re-identification of Peziza granulosa as P. fimeti.

}, keywords = {diversity, gloeotinia-temulenta, peziza, rdna}, isbn = {0107-055x}, author = {Pfister, D.H. and Eyjolfsdottir, G. G.} } @article {734286, title = {A phylogenetic overview of the family Pyronemataceae (Ascomycota, Pezizales)}, journal = {Mycological Research}, volume = {111}, year = {2007}, note = {

5187rmTimes Cited:49Cited References Count:169

}, month = {May}, pages = {549-571}, abstract = {

Partial sequences of nuLSU rDNA were obtained to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of Pyronemataceae, the largest and least studied family of Pezizales. The dataset includes sequences for 162 species from 51 genera of Pyronemataceae, and 39 species from an additional 13 families of Pezizales. Parsimony, ML, and Bayesian analyses suggest that Pyronemataceae is not monophyletic as it is currently circumscribed. Ascodesmidaceae is nested within Pyronemataceue, and several pyronernataceous taxa are resolved outside the family. Glaziellaceae forms the sister group to Pyronemataceae in ML analyses, but this relationship, as well as those of Pyronemataceae to the other members of the lineage, are not resolved with support. Fourteen clades of pyronernataceous taxa are well supported and/or present in all recovered trees. Several pyronemataceous genera are suggested to be non-monophyletic, including Anthracobia, Cheilymenia, Geopyxis, Humaria, Lasiobolidium, Neottiella, Octospora, Pulvinula, Stephensia, Tricharina, and Trichophaea. Cleistothecial and truffle or truffle-like ascomata forms appear to have evolved independently multiple times within Pyronemataceae. Results of these analyses do not support previous classifications of Pyronemataceae, and suggest that morphological characters traditionally used to segregate the family into subfamilial groups are not phylogenetically informative above the genus level. (c) 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {apothecial tissues, bayesian analyses, discomycetes, fungi, genera, genus cheilymenia, lsu rdna, maximum likelihood, molecular phylogeny, preliminary discomycete flora, rna-polymerase-ii, septal structures, sequence-analysis, spore ontogeny, taxonomic revision}, isbn = {0953-7562}, author = {Perry, B. A. and Hansen, K. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734306, title = {A monograph of the genus Cookeina (Ascomycota, Pezizales, Sarcoscyphoceae)}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {95}, year = {2006}, note = {

PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USAMYCOTAXON LTDITHACAhttp://www.mycotaxon.com.ReviewUsing Smart Source ParsingJAN-MAR

}, month = {Jan-Mar}, pages = {137-180}, abstract = {

Eight species of the wood inhabiting pantropical genus Cookeina are described and illustrated. The genus Cookeina is characterized by large, stipitate or sessile brightly colored apothecial ascoma, with or without hairs, and by distinctive, thick-walled asci that have eccentricly placed opercula. An overview of the morphology, development and life histories of the species are given along with discussion of their relationships. A new species, C. colensoiopsis, is described from Venezuela, C. speciosa is recognized as a species complex, and a lectotype is designated for C. sinensis.

}, keywords = {cup-fungi, Pezizomycetes, plant sciences, Taxonomy}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Iturriaga, T. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734296, title = {Monotropa uniflora plants of eastern Massachusetts form mycorrhizae with a diversity of russulacean fungi}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {98}, number = {4}, year = {2006}, note = {

104kiTimes Cited:8Cited References Count:20

}, month = {Jul-Aug}, pages = {535-540}, abstract = {

Plant species in the subfamily Monotropoideae are mycoheterotrophs; they obtain fixed carbon from photosynthetic plants via a shared mycorrhizal network. Previous findings show mycoheterotrophic plants exhibit a high level of specificity to their mycorrhizal fungi. In this study we explore the association of mycorrhizal fungi and Monotropa uniflora (Mono tropoideae: Ericaceae) in eastern North America. We collected M. uniflora roots and nearby basidiomycete sporocarps from four sites within a 100 km(2) area in eastern Massachusetts. We analyzed DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) from the fungal nuclear ribosomal gene to assess the genetic diversity of fungi associating with M. uniflora roots. In this analysis we included 20 ITS sequences from Russula sporocarps collected nearby, 44 sequences of Russula or Lactarius species from GenBank and 12 GenBank sequences of fungi isolated from M. uniflora roots in previous studies. We found that all 56 sampled M. uniflora mycorrhizal fungi were members of the Russulaceae, confirming previous research. The analysis showed that most of the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi spreads across the genus Russula. ITS sequences of the mycorrhizal fungi consisted of 20 different phylotypes: 18 of the genus Russula and two of Lactafius, based on GenBank searches. Of the sampled plants, 57\% associated with only three of the 20 mycorrhizal fungi detected in roots, and of the 25 sporocarp phylotypes collected three, were associated with M. uniflara. Furthermore the results indicate that the number of different fungal phylotypes associating with M. uniflora of eastern North America is higher than that of western North America but patterns of fungal species abundance might be similar between mycorrhizae from the two locations.

}, keywords = {Ecology, epiparasite, ericaceae, internal transcribed spacer (its), monotropoid, mycoheterotroph, mycorrhiza, specificity, symbiosis}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Yang, S. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734301, title = {Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {443}, number = {7113}, year = {2006}, note = {

MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLANDNATURE PUBLISHING GROUPLONDONhttp://www.nature.comArticle

}, month = {Oct}, pages = {818-822}, abstract = {

The ancestors of fungi are believed to be simple aquatic forms with flagellated spores, similar to members of the extant phylum Chytridiomycota (chytrids). Current classifications assume that chytrids form an early-diverging clade within the kingdom Fungi and imply a single loss of the spore flagellum, leading to the diversification of terrestrial fungi. Here we develop phylogenetic hypotheses for Fungi using data from six gene regions and nearly 200 species. Our results indicate that there may have been at least four independent losses of the flagellum in the kingdom Fungi. These losses of swimming spores coincided with the evolution of new mechanisms of spore dispersal, such as aerial dispersal in mycelial groups and polar tube eversion in the microsporidia ( unicellular forms that lack mitochondria). The enigmatic microsporidia seem to be derived from an endoparasitic chytrid ancestor similar to Rozella allomycis, on the earliest diverging branch of the fungal phylogenetic tree.

}, keywords = {multidisciplinary sciences}, isbn = {0028-0836}, author = {James, T. Y. and Kauff, F. and Schoch, C. L. and Matheny, P. B. and Hofstetter, V. and Cox, C. J. and Celio, G. and Gueidan, C. and Fraker, E. and Miadlikowska, J. and Lumbsch, H. T. and Rauhut, A. and Reeb, V. and Arnold, A. E. and Amtoft, A. and Stajich, J. E. and Hosaka, K. and Sung, G. H. and Johnson, D. and O{\textquoteright}Rourke, B. and Crockett, M. and Binder, M. and Curtis, J. M. and Slot, J. C. and Wang, Z. and Wilson, A. W. and Schussler, A. and Longcore, J. E. and O{\textquoteright}Donnell, K. and Mozley-Standridge, S. and Porter, D. and Letcher, P. M. and Powell, M. J. and Taylor, J. W. and White, M. M. and Griffith, G. W. and Davies, D. R. and Humber, R. A. and Morton, J. B. and Sugiyama, J. and Rossman, A. Y. and Rogers, J. D. and Pfister, D.H. and Hewitt, D. and Hansen, K. and Hambleton, S. and Shoemaker, R. A. and Kohlmeyer, J. and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B. and Spotts, R. A. and Serdani, M. and Crous, P. W. and Hughes, K. W. and Matsuura, K. and Langer, E. and Langer, G. and Untereiner, W. A. and Lucking, R. and Budel, B. and Geiser, D. M. and Aptroot, A. and Diederich, P. and Schmitt, I. and Schultz, M. and Yahr, R. and Hibbett, D. S. and Lutzoni, F. and Mclaughlin, D. J. and Spatafora, J. W. and Vilgalys, R.} } @article {734311, title = {Systematics of the Pezizomycetes - the operculate discomycetes}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {98}, number = {6}, year = {2006}, note = {

159ikTimes Cited:53Cited References Count:74

}, month = {Nov-Dec}, pages = {1029-1040}, abstract = {

The Pezizomycetes (order Pezizales) is an early diverging lineage within the Pezizomycotina. A shared derived character, the operculate ascus, supports the Pezizales as monophyletic, although functional opercula have been lost in certain taxa. Phylogenetic relationships within Pezizales were studied using parsimony and Bayesian analyses of partial SSU and LSU rDNA sequences from 100 taxa representing 82 genera and 13 of the 15 families currently recognized. Three primary lineages are identified that more or less correspond to the A, B and C lineages resolved in previous analyses using SSU rDNA: (A) Ascobolaceae and Pezizaceae; (B) Discinaceae-Morchellaceae and Helvellaceae-Tuberaceae; (C) Ascodesmidaceae, Glaziellaceae, Pyronemataceae, Sarcoscyphaceae and Sarcosomataceae. In contrast the monotypic Rhizinaceae and Caloscyphaceae are resolved as two independent lineages. Bayesian analyses support a relationship among Rhizina and two species of Psilopezia (Pyronemataceae). Only lineage C is highly supported. The B and C lineages form a strongly supported monophyletic group. None of these lineages corresponds to earlier proposed suborders. The A and B lineages are supported by certain morphological features (e.g. ascus bluing reaction in iodine, cytology of spores and paraphyses, septal pore structures and excipulum structure); these characters have been Subject to homoplasy. Lineage C is the largest and most heterogeneous, and no unifying morphological features support its recognition. The Pyronemataceae, in which almost half of the species in the order are found, is not monophyletic because the Ascodesmidaceae and Glaziellaceae are nested within it. The relationships among all families in the C lineage remain uncertain. The origin of various forms of ascomata, including hypogeous forms (truffles and truffle-like), epigeous cleistothecia, simple reduced apothecia and highly elaborate, stipitate forms (helvelloid and morchelloid), are discussed.

}, keywords = {apical apparatus, ascomycotina, ascus, Classification, diversity, genera, lsu rdna, pezizales, sequences, ssu rdna, subordinal groupings, truffles, ultrastructure}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Hansen, K. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734321, title = {Evolutionary relationships of the cup-fungus genus Peziza and Pezizaceae inferred from multiple nuclear genes: RPB2, beta-tubulin, and LSU rDNA}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, year = {2005}, note = {

932roTimes Cited:51Cited References Count:77

}, month = {Jul}, pages = {1-23}, abstract = {

To provide a robust phylogeny of Pezizaceae, partial sequences from two nuclear protein-coding genes, RPB2 (encoding the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II) and β-tubulin, were obtained from 69 and 72 specimens, respectively, to analyze with nuclear ribosomal large subunit RNA gene sequences (LSU). The three-gene data set includes 32 species of Peziza, and 27 species from nine additional epigeous and six hypogeous (truffle) pezizaceous genera. Analyses of the combined LSU, RPB2, and β-tubulin data set using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian approaches identify 14 fine-scale lineages within Pezizaceae. Species of Peziza occur in eight of the lineages, spread among other genera of the family, confirming the non-monophyly of the genus. Although parsimony analyses of the three-gene data set produced a nearly completely resolved strict consensus tree, with increased confidence, relationships between the lineages are still resolved with mostly weak bootstrap support. Bayesian analyses of the three-gene data, however, show support for several more inclusive clades, mostly congruent with Bayesian analyses of RPB2. No strongly supported incongruence was found among phylogenies derived from the separate LSU, RPB2, and β-tubulin data sets. The RPB2 region appeared to be the most informative single gene region based on resolution and clade support, and accounts for the greatest number of potentially parsimony informative characters within the combined data set, followed by the LSU and the β-tubulin region. The results indicate that third codon positions in β-tubulin are saturated, especially for sites that provide information about the deeper relationships. Nevertheless, almost all phylogenetic signal in β-tubulin is due to third positions changes, with almost no signal in first and second codons, and contribute phylogenetic information at the "fine-scale" level within the Pezizaceae. The Pezizaceae is supported as monophyletic in analyses of the three-gene data set, but its sister-group relationships is not resolved with support. The results advocate the use of RPB2 as a marker for ascomycete phylogenetics at the inter-generic level, whereas the β-tubulin gene appears less useful. {\textcopyright} 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

}, keywords = {ascomycota, combining data, data sets, DNA, fungi, incongruence, length difference test, maximum likelihood and bavesian inference, molecular phylogeny, parsimony, pezizales, phylogenetic-relationships, protein coding genes, psilopezioid fungi, sequence-analysis, terfezia, third codon saturation, truffles}, isbn = {1055-7903}, author = {Hansen, K. and LoBuglio, K. F. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734316, title = {Phylogenetic origins of two cleistothecial fungi, Orbicula parietina and Lasiobolidium orbiculoides, within the operculate discomycetes}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {97}, number = {5}, year = {2005}, note = {

025jjTimes Cited:12Cited References Count:56

}, month = {Sep-Oct}, pages = {1023-1033}, abstract = {

Parsimony, maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses of SSU rDNA sequences of representative Laxa of Pezizomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes. Leotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes, all strongly support the cleistothecial fungi Orbicula parietina and Lasiobolidium. orbiculoides to be of pezizalean origin. Previous hypotheses of close affinities with cleistothecial Or highly reduced fungi now placed in the Thelebolales, Eurotiales or Onygenales are rejected. Orbicula parietina and L. orbiculoides are deeply nested within Pyronemataceae (which subsumes the families Ascodesmidaceae, Glaziellaceae and Otideaceac). LSU rDNA sequences suggest that Orbicula is nested within the apothecia-forming genus Pseudombrophila (including Nannfeldtiella and Fimaria) and that L. orbiculoides is closely related. Ascodesmis and Lasiobolus, which have been suggested as closely related to Orbicula and Lasiobolidium, are identified as a sister lineage to the Pseudombrophila lineage. Cleistothecial forms that have lost the ascus operculum and ability to discharge spores actively have evolved at least once in the Pseudombrophila lineage. Some species of Pseudombrophila produce subglobular ascomata initials that are closed early in development and open only in the mid-mesohymenial phase. We hypothesize that, in the Pseudombrophila, lineage, ascomata forms that never open are derived from ascomata that open late in development. The placement of O. parietina and L. orbiculoides within Pseudombrophila is supported by morphological characters, ecology and temperature optima for fruiting.

}, keywords = {ascoma evolution, families, genera, molecular phylogenetics, molecular phylogeny, orders, pezizales, pseudombrophila, pyronemataceae, rdna, sequence-analysis, thelebolus, truffles}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Hansen, K. and Perry, B. A. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {909841, title = {Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life: Progress, Classification, and Evolution of Subcellular Traits}, journal = {Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life: Progress, Classification, and Evolution of Subcellular Traits}, volume = {91}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {1446-1480}, abstract = {

Based on an overview of progress in molecular systematics of the true fungi (Fungi/Eumycota) since 1990, little overlap was found among single-locus data matrices, which explains why no large-scale multilocus phylogenetic analysis had been undertaken to reveal deep relationships among fungi. As part of the project {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} (AFTOL), results of four Bayesian analyses are reported with complementary bootstrap assessment of phylogenetic confidence based on (1) a combined two-locus data set (nucSSU and nucLSU rDNA) with 558 species representing all traditionally recognized fungal phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota) and the Glomeromycota, (2) a combined three-locus data set (nucSSU, nucLSU, and mitSSU rDNA) with 236 species, (3) a combined three-locus data set (nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, and\ RPB2) with 157 species, and (4) a combined four-locus data set (nucSSU, nucLSU, mitSSU rDNA, and\ RPB2) with 103 species. Because of the lack of complementarity among single-locus data sets, the last three analyses included only members of the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The four-locus analysis resolved multiple deep relationships within the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota that were not revealed previously or that received only weak support in previous studies. The impact of this newly discovered phylogenetic structure on supraordinal classifications is dis- cussed. Based on these results and reanalysis of subcellular data, current knowledge of the evolution of septal features of fungal hyphae is synthesized, and a preliminary reassessment of ascomal evolution is presented. Based on previously unpublished data and sequences from GenBank, this study provides a phylogenetic synthesis for the Fungi and a framework for future phylogenetic studies on fungi.

}, author = {Lutzoni, Francois and Kauff, Frank and Cox, Cymon J. and McLaughlin, David and Celio. Gail and Dentenger, Bryn and Padamsee, Mahajabeen and Hibbett, David and James, Timothy Y. and Baloch, Elisabeth and Grube, Martin and Reeb, Valerie and Hofstetter, Valerie and Schoch, Conrad and Arnold, A. Elizabeth and Miadlikowska, Jolanta and Spataforta, Joseph and Johnson, Desiree and Hambleton, Sarah and Crockett, Michael and Shoemaker, Robert and Sung, Gi-Ho and Lucking, Robert and Lumbsch, Thorsten and O{\textquoteright}Donnell, Kerry and Binder, Manfred and Diedrich, paul and Ertz, Damien and Gueidan, C. and Hansen, Karen and Harris, Richard C. and Hosaka, Kentaro and Young-Woon, Lim and Matheny, Brandon and Nishida, Hiromi and Donald H. Pfister and Rogers, Jack and Rossman, Amy and Schmitt, Imke and Sipman, Harrie and Stone, Jeffrey and Sugiyama, Junta and Yahr, Rebecca and Vilgalys, Rytas} } @inbook {747111, title = {Preparation, preservation, and use of fungal specimens in herbaria. }, booktitle = {Biodiversity of fungi: Inventory and monitoring methods}, year = {2004}, pages = { 23{\textendash}36}, publisher = {Elsevier Academic Press}, organization = {Elsevier Academic Press}, author = {Wu, Q. and Theirs, B.M. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734326, title = {A note on some morphological features of Chorioactis geaster (Pezizales, Ascomycota)}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {89}, number = {2}, year = {2004}, note = {

835nlTimes Cited:4Cited References Count:11

}, month = {Apr-Jun}, pages = {277-281}, abstract = {

A study of Chorioactis geaster (Sarcosomataceae) has shown the presence of several unreported or unconfirmed characters for this unusual and rare operculate discomycete. The ascospores are ornamented, they mature more or less simultaneously in all asci of a single ascoma, and asci have a thin hyphal base. The species is compared with species of the genera Cookeina and Microstoma (Sarcoscyphaceae) that also have this character. SEM shows open asci have a two-layered opercular region confirming TEM reports of differentiated wall layering in this region of the ascus. These features are discussed and the isolated systematic position of Chorioactis suggested by previous studies is confirmed.

}, keywords = {ascospore maturation, ascus morphology, spore ornamentation}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H. and Kurogi, S.} } @article {734331, title = {An updated checklist of the discomycetes for the Dominican Republic and the Caribbean Region}, journal = {Caribbean Journal of Science}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, year = {2004}, note = {

815hnTimes Cited:1Cited References Count:27

}, pages = {139-144}, abstract = {

An expedition to the Dominican Republic to survey discomycetes was conducted in January 2002. In this expedition, 111 discomycete samples were collected: 22 Pezizales, 81 Helotiales, 6 Ostropales and 2 Rhytismatales. This field trip added 39 new reports for the Dominican Republic. To date, 79 species of discomycetes are known in the Dominican Republic in the following orders: 34 Pezizales, 42 Helotiales, 2 Ostropales and 1 Rhytismatales. The great majority (87\%) of these species are our new reports for the Dominican Republic and about 38\% are new for the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean region. Most of the species of discomycetes known in the Dominican Republic are of tropical origin. Some of the reports are discomycete species from north temperate regions: Morchella, Gyromitra, Helvella, Pseudoplectania nigrella, Plectania melastoma, Leotia viscose, Podophacidium xanthomelum and Lachnum virgineum. Based on our work from Dominican Republic, we can conservatively predict 20\% of the material collected should represent new records and new taxa.

}, keywords = {helotiales, ostopales, pezizales, rhytismatales}, isbn = {0008-6452}, author = {Cantrell, S. A. and Ituriaga, T. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734341, title = {Phylogenetic diversity in the core group of Peziza inferred from ITS sequences and morphology}, journal = {Mycological Research}, volume = {106}, year = {2002}, note = {

8613zjTimes Cited:16Cited References Count:62

}, month = {Aug}, pages = {879-902}, abstract = {

Species delimitation within the core group of Peziza is highly controversial. The group, typified by P. vesiculosa, is morphologically coherent and in previous analyses of LSU rDNA sequences it formed a highly supported clade. Phylogenetic diversity and species limits were investigated within the group using sequences from the complete ITS region (ITSI-5.8S-ITS2). Eighty-three specimens were selected for molecular study from a larger sample of material studied morphologically to explore the intra- and interspecific variation of each putative species. The sister group taxon, P. ampelina was used as the outgroup and two specimens of P. subcitrina were additionally included. Seven independent lineages of rDNA were identified (I-VII), each representing one to several species. These lineages form two larger clades, A (II, and I or III) and B (IV-VII), supported by macromorphology: small (generally \< 2 cm), shallowly cup- to disc-shaped apothecia (A) and large (up to 15 cm), deeply cup-shaped to expanded apothecia (B). The overall exciple structure (a stratified or non-stratified medullary layer) and to some degree spore surface relief, likewise support the groupings. Clade A contains taxa with smooth or nearly smooth spores (except for P. lohjaensis), while clade B contains taxa with a range of spore ornamentations, from smooth, finely warty to distinctly warty, and spiny. The position of groups I (P. vesiculosa and P. ammophila) and III (P. lohjaensis) are uncertain, and these taxa also deviate morphologically from the other clade A members. The following species are recognized based on morphology and ITS rDNA analyses: P. ammophila and P. vesiculosa (I); P. alcis, P. ampliata, P. domiciliana, P. fimeti, P. nivalis, and a number of putative species or intraspecific entities (II); P. lohjaensis (III); P. sp. c (IV); P. arvernensis (V); P. echinispora and P. sp. d (VI); and P. varia (VII). The nomenclature of these species is analyzed and taxa are typified as necessary. Based on ITS and morphology, we found no justification for recognizing more than one species in the {\textquoteright}P. varia complex{\textquoteright}, including 27 specimens that have been referred to under the names P. cerea, P. micropus and P. repanda, from an array of substrates and different geographical areas. Morphological characters previously used to delimit species within this complex, such as colour variation of the apothecia, presence or absence of a stipe, stratified or non-stratified medullary exciple (or thickness of the excipular layers), cell types in the outermost exciple and moniliform vs filiform paraphyses were not correlated with the subgroups supported by ITS analyses and appeared to be plastic. Therefore, P. cerea and P. micropus are placed in synonymy with P. varia. The name P. repanda is rejected. Levels of sequence divergence were low within group II, comprising 33 small apothecial specimens. Twelve fine-scale lineages were identified, but the analyses did not resolve relationships among these. P. granulosa sensu Boudier is considered a synonym of P. fimeti. These have previously been distinguished mainly by occurrence on various soil types, including burnt soil and soil mixed with sawdust or woodchips vs on dung. The substrate and habitat have been much emphasized in the taxonomy of Peziza, but the results obtained here indicate that populations on a diverse array of substrates may be closely related, or indeed, conspecific.

}, keywords = {DNA, forms, genus peziza, molecular phylogeny, parsimony}, isbn = {0953-7562}, author = {Hansen, K. and Laessoe, T. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734336, title = {A phylogenetic study of the genus Cookeina}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {94}, number = {4}, year = {2002}, note = {

577ycTimes Cited:12Cited References Count:23

}, month = {Jul-Aug}, pages = {673-682}, abstract = {

Cookeina, with seven recognized species, is one of the commonly encountered genera of the Sarcoscyphaceae (Pezizales) in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. Morphologically the species are distinguished by combinations of several features including ascospore shape and surface relief, presence and origin of apothecial hairs and presence or absence of gelatinous material within the cortical layer of the excipular tissue. Color of the hymenium, attributed to carotenoid pigments, is particularly variable in some collections especially those referred to as C. speciosa. In this study phylogenetic analyses were carried out using rDNA ITS and rDNA LSU sequences. Forty-four collections were studied which included a broad sampling of color variants of C. speciosa from a field site in Venezuela. The genus was shown to be monophyletic with several well-supported lineages. These analyses generally support the established, morphologically distinguished taxa within a monophyletic genus Cookeina. Collections referred to as C. speciosa segregate within a clade in which hymenial color differences are associated with groups within the clade. Cookeina sinensis is sister to C. tricholoma but is distinct from it; C. indica fails to resolve with any of the major clades. The placement of C. insititia is ambiguous but it falls within Cookeina and thus is considered in the genus Cookeina rather than in a separate genus, Boedijnopeziza.

}, keywords = {biogeography, its sequences, Key, pezizales, sarcoscyphaceae, sequence data}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Weinstein, R. N. and Pfister, D.H. and Iturriaga, T.} } @article {910431, title = {The Psilopezioid Fungi X. Characteristics of Pachyella Babingtonii Culture}, journal = {Harvard Papers in Botany}, volume = {6}, year = {2001}, month = {July 2001}, pages = {113-116}, author = {Harrington, Frances A. and Pfister, Donald H} } @article {734356, title = {Discomycetes}, journal = {Mycota Vii: Systematics and Evolution, Pt }, volume = {7}, year = {2001}, note = {

HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANYSPRINGER-VERLAG BERLINBERLINhttp://www.springer.deArticleUsing Smart Source ParsingPart A

}, month = {Jan}, pages = {257-281}, keywords = {multidisciplinary sciences}, author = {Pfister, D.H. and Kimbrough, J. W.} } @article {734346, title = {Pezicula magnispora, a new species on an herbaceous plant}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {78}, year = {2001}, note = {

441nxTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:7

}, month = {Apr-Jun}, pages = {161-165}, abstract = {

A fungus collected in western Sichuan, China in 1997 is recognized as a new species of Pezicula based on morphological characters. The species is named Pezicula magnispora due to its large ascospores and comparatively small apothecia. Ascospores are brown and septate to muriform when discharged, but remain hyaline within the asci. The fungus grows oil the stem of a dead herbaceous plant. The distinctively large spores and type of substrate establish this as a new species.

}, keywords = {China, dermateaceae, helotiales}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Zhong, Z. H. and Wang, Z. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734361, title = {Phylogenetics of the Pezizaceae, with an emphasis on Peziza}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {93}, number = {5}, year = {2001}, note = {

479ppTimes Cited:46Cited References Count:164

}, month = {Sep-Oct}, pages = {958-990}, abstract = {

Phylogenetic relationships among members of the Pezizaceae were studied using 90 partial LSU rDNA sequences from 51 species of Peziza and 20 species from 8 additional epigeous genera of the Pezizaceae, viz. Boudiera, Iodophanus, Iodowynnea, Kimbropezia, Pachyella, Plicaria, Sarcosphaera and Scabropezia, and 5 hypogeous genera, viz. Amylascus, Cazia, Hydnotryopsis, Ruhlandiella and Tirmania. To test the monophyly of the Pezizaceae and the relationships to the genera Marcelleina and Pfistera (Pyronemataceae), 6 species from the families Ascobolaceae, Morchellaceae and Pyronemataceae were included. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of these sequences suggest that the Pezizaceae is paraphyletic, because the non-amyloid Marcelleina is nested within it. If Marcelleina were transferred to the Pezizaceae, then the family would be monophyletic. Although the Pezizaceae is traditionally characterized by amyloid asci, our results indicate that the amyloid reaction is a symplesiomorphy, which has been lost in some lineages, e.g., in those including Marcelleina and Cazia. Nodes deep in the tree could not be resolved, but 7 groups of species (I-VII) are generally well supported or present in all trees. Peziza species, which constitute the core of the family, are present in all groups except group III, confirming the non-monophyly of the genus. The analyses suggest that the other included genera of the Pezizaceae are all nested within Peziza, the placement of Iodophanus being unresolved. The morphologically distinct Peziza gerardii, which forms a clade with Marcelleina, appears to be the sister group to the rest of the Pezizaceae. Morphological features were studied and evaluated in the context of the phylogeny. Distinct types of ascus amyloid reactions were found to support different rDNA lineages, e.g., a distinct amyloid ring zone at the apex is a synapomorphy for group IV, an intense and unrestricted amyloid reaction of the apex is mostly found in group VI, and asci that are weakly or diffusely amyloid in the entire length are present in group II. Other morphological features, such as spore surface relief, guttulation, excipulum structure and pigments, while not free from homoplasy, do support the groupings. Anamorphs likewise provide clues to higher-order relationships within the Pezizaceae. Several macro- and micromorphological features, however, appear to have evolved several times independently, including ascomatal form and habit (epigeous, semihypogeous or hypogeous), spore discharge mechanisms, and spore shape. Parsimony-based optimization of character states on our phylogenetic trees suggested that transitions to truffle and truffle-like forms evolved at least three times within the Pezizaceae (in group III, V and VI). The 9 hypogeous species included are nested in lineages with epigeous pezizaceous taxa. Species with apothecia of various shapes and with forcible spore discharge are spread among all groups and the apothecium is suggested to be symplesiomorphic in the Pezizaceae. The results indicate that the apothecia forming Pezizaceae have given rise to at least 3 different forms of hypogeous ascomata without forcible spore discharge: ptychothecia, stereothecia and exothecia.

}, keywords = {ascus amyloid reactions, bizarre ascus apices, conidial state, DNA-sequence analysis, epigeous-hypogeous evolution, genera, genus peziza, hypogeous-ascomycotina, lsu rdna, maximum-likelihood, missing data, molecular phylogeny, nlsu rdna, pezizales, rdna sequences, Systematics}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Hansen, K. and Laessoe, T. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734351, title = {Wenyingia, a new genus in Pezizales (Otideaceae)}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {79}, year = {2001}, note = {

483cyTimes Cited:1Cited References Count:0

}, month = {Jul-Sep}, pages = {397-399}, abstract = {

A new genus Wenyingia (Otideaceae, Pezizales), based on Wenyingia sichuanensis, a new species, is reported from western Sichuan, China. An unusual membrane covering the hymenium, the structure and origin of which are discussed in this paper, distinguishes this genus from others in the family. The structure of the excipulum, size, shape and ornamentation of spores and pigmentation of the apothecia place this genus close to Tarzetta.

}, keywords = {China, discomycetes}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Wang, Z. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734371, title = {Phylogenetic relationships among species of Phillipsia inferred from molecular and morphological data}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {91}, number = {2}, year = {1999}, note = {

179gcTimes Cited:18Cited References Count:47

}, month = {Mar-Apr}, pages = {299-314}, abstract = {

The internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA have been sequenced from 29 collections of Phillipsia, mainly from the New World. The P domingensis complex, collections with a range of colors but otherwise referable to P domingensis s.l. based on spore ornamentation, were studied. Three distinctive species of Phillipsia also were included. The sequences were analysed to infer phylogenetic relationships within Phillipnsia, using parsimony. Morphological features were studied separately, and then evaluated in the context of the ITS phylogeny. Four distinct rDNA lineages, supported by ascospore ornamentation, were identified: the P. crispata the P. domingensis, the P. olivacea and the P. carnicolor lineages. SEM photographs of the ascospores are presented. Phillipsia lutea and another yellow form were nested within the P. dominagensis complex, of those with reddish hymenial colors. Color has been emphasized in taxonomy of Phillipsia, but these results suggest that individuals with strikingly different coloration may be closely related. Levels of ITS sequence divergence in the P. domingensis lineage were low. Based on these data, and morphology as studied thus far; there is no justification for recognizing segregate species within the P. domingensis complex. The Old World collections of the P. domingensis complex were nested within the New World collections, which implies that the P. domingensis lineage is geographically widespread. Phillipsia rugospora is plated in synonymy with P. olivacea and a detailed description of this taxon is given. A lectotype is designated for P. olivacea.

}, keywords = {DNA, its, pezizales, precursor ribosomal-rna, saccharomyces-cerevisiae, sarcoscyphaceae, sem, sequences, spore ornamentation}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Hansen, K. and Pfister, D.H. and Hibbett, D. S.} } @article {734366, title = {Phylogenetic studies within the Pezizales. I. 18S rRNA sequence data and classification}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {91}, number = {1}, year = {1999}, note = {

166ztTimes Cited:27Cited References Count:106

}, month = {Jan-Feb}, pages = {41-50}, abstract = {

The order Pezizales has been divided into two suborders. One suborder, the Sarcoscyphineae, was originally described to include members whose asci were characterized by an unusual apical structure, the suboperculum. Disagreements as to how this structure should be defined, and indeed, whether or not it exists at all, have rendered the status of the suborder controversial. The two families within this suborder are the Sarcoscyphaceae and the Sarcosomataceae. Recent ultrastructural work demonstrates that there is an apical thickening which is restricted to the Sarcoscyphaceae. In order to test the monophyly of the suborders of the Pezizales and examine the relationships within the Sarcoscyphineae, phylogenetic analyses were carried out using DNA sequence data from the 18S rRNA gene. The strict consensus tree based upon these data shows both the Sarcoscyphineae and the Pezizineae as paraphyletic. These data suggest that the subordinal taxa currently recognized within the Pezizales should be abandoned and the taxonomy revised to reflect phylogenetic relationships. Strongly supported clades (i.e., greater than 95\% bootstrap value, 1500 replicates) include: the Pezizaceae, the Morchellaceae, the Sarcoscyphaceae, the Helvellaceae, and a clade that includes the Sarcosomataceae (which is paraphyletic), and the Otidiaceae (represented only by 2 taxa). The genus Pindara, formerly placed in the Sarcoscyphaceae, is nested within the Helvellaceae, and Wynnea, assigned to the Sarcosomataceae by some authors, is positioned in the Sarcoscyphaceae.

}, keywords = {ascomycotina, cladistics, fungi, galiella-rufa, genera, ontogeny, origins, pezizineae, ribosomal DNA-sequence, sarcoscyphineae, sarcosomataceae, suboperculate ascus, truffles}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Harrington, F. A. and Pfister, D.H. and Potter, D. and Donoghue, M. J.} } @article {734376, title = {Castor, pollux and life histories of fungi}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {89}, number = {1}, year = {1997}, note = {

Wh030Times Cited:64Cited References Count:87

}, month = {Jan-Feb}, pages = {1-23}, abstract = {

The literature on teleomorph-anamorph connections in the Orbiliaceae and the position of the family in the Leotiales is reviewed. 18S data show that the Orbiliaceae occupies an isolated position in relationship to the other members of the Leotiales which have so far been studied. The following form genera have been studied in cultures derived from ascospores of Orbiliaceae: Anguillospora, Arthrobotrys, Dactylella, Dicranidion, Helicoon, Monacrosporium, Trinacrium and conidial types that are referred to as being Idriella-like. Characteristics of the anamorphs are discussed and illustrated. Analyses of the ITS region of several of the isolates indicate that there are several well-supported clades within the Orbiliaceae. These clades can be recognized based on the anamorphs produced. They are: an Arthrobotrys-Monacrosporium clade, a Dicranidion clade, and a Helicoon clade. Outside of these clades is a well-supported clade which contains two Arthrobotrys isolates which were derived from conidia produced on natural substrates. The taxonomic and phylogenetic implications of this information are discussed. The Orbiliaceae occur in nature on substrates that are either continually wet or on substrates that periodically dry out. Field observations indicate that those taxa which occur on wet substrates produce perennial mycelia. Some discussion is provided on the way in which scientific information is viewed and can be used.

}, keywords = {anamorph, anamorphs, arthrobotrys, discomycete, Ecology, helicoon, nematophagous, orbiliaceae}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734386, title = {A Further Note on Byssonectria (Pezizales)}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {53}, year = {1995}, note = {

Qb410Times Cited:1Cited References Count:3

}, month = {Jan-Mar}, pages = {431-432}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734391, title = {The Psilopezioid Fungi .9. Pachyella Habrospora, a New Species from Brazil}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {54}, year = {1995}, note = {

Qx173Times Cited:1Cited References Count:4

}, month = {Apr-Jun}, pages = {393-396}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734381, title = {Two Arthrobotrys Anamorphs from Orbilia-Auricolor}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {87}, number = {5}, year = {1995}, note = {

Td679Times Cited:31Cited References Count:11

}, month = {Sep-Oct}, pages = {684-688}, abstract = {

Cultures derived from ascospores of two collections both referable to Orbilia auricolor produced anamorphs which were assigned to Arthrobotrys cladodes var. macroides and A. oligospora var. oligospora. These morphologically distinct isolates formed nematode-capturing hyphal networks when nematodes were present. Descriptions of the Arthrobotrys isolates are given. At least one other nematophagous hyphomycete is connected with a teleomorph that can be referred to O. auricolor suggesting that O. auricolor is not a single entity but a species complex.

}, keywords = {arthrobotrys, helotiales, nematophagous, orbilia}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Pfister, D.H. and Liftik, M. E.} } @article {734396, title = {Orbilia-Fimicola, a Nematophagous Discomycete and Its Arthrobotrys Anamorph}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {86}, number = {3}, year = {1994}, note = {

Nz046Times Cited:34Cited References Count:14

}, month = {May-Jun}, pages = {451-453}, abstract = {

Cultures derived from a collection of Orbilia fimicola produced an Arthrobotrys anamorph. This anamorph was identified as A. superba. A discomycete agreeing closely with O. fimicola was previously reported to be associated with a culture of A. superba but no definitive connection was made. In the present study, traps were formed in the Arthrobotrys cultures when nematodes were added. The hypothesis is put forth that other Orbilia species might be predators of nematodes or invertebrates based on their ascospore and conidial form.

}, keywords = {arthrobotrys, fungus, nematophagy, orbilia}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734401, title = {Sayre, Geneva (1911-1992)}, journal = {Bryologist}, volume = {96}, number = {3}, year = {1993}, note = {

Lx185Times Cited:0Cited References Count:1

}, month = {Fal}, pages = {475-478}, isbn = {0007-2745}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734406, title = {A Synopsis of the North-American Species of Byssonectria (Pezizales) with Comments on the Ontogeny of Two Species}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {85}, number = {6}, year = {1993}, note = {

Mu515Times Cited:7Cited References Count:34

}, month = {Nov-Dec}, pages = {952-962}, abstract = {

Byssonectria, previously placed in the Hypocreales, is treated as a member of the Pezizales; Pseudocollema and Inermisia are considered synonyms. Four species are recognized from North America: B. terrestris, a new combination which provides the oldest traceable name for the common North American and European species; B. cartilagineum, also a new combination, is based on the type species of Pseudocollema; B. fusispora; and B. seaveri, a new species for a large-spored North American collection. The ascomata of Byssonectria cartilagineum and B. terrestris are initially cleistohymenial. They open during the mesohymenial phase. The ascogonium is a multicellular filament, one cell of which produces ascogenous hyphae. This filament becomes surrounded by vegetative hyphae which build up the body of the ascoma. Young cleistohymenial ascomata could be mistaken for perithecia; such a mistake seems to account for original placement of the type species of Byssonectria in the Hypocreales.

}, keywords = {byssonectria, inermisia, ontogeny, pezizales, pseudocollema, Taxonomy}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734411, title = {A Collection of Peziza-Nivalis from California with Comments on the Nomenclature of the Snow Bank Pezizas}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {43}, year = {1992}, note = {

Hj532Times Cited:1Cited References Count:11

}, month = {Jan-Mar}, pages = {171-175}, abstract = {

The name Peziza nivalis is used for a species of Peziza collected on soil at the margins of melting snow in the Sierra Nevada of California. The species is described and extensive comments are made on the nomenclature of this and related species. A new species, Peziza heimii, is proposed to accommodate a species similar to P. nivalis but with larger ascospores.

}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734416, title = {A Note on Some Drawings of Fungi by Cecilia Jane Berkeley in the Farlow Reference Library}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {84}, number = {6}, year = {1992}, note = {

Kk464Times Cited:0Cited References Count:2

}, month = {Nov-Dec}, pages = {911-912}, keywords = {berkeley,c.j., berkeley,m.j., fries,e.m., fungi, illustrations}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734421, title = {A Redescription of Peziza-Bananicola and Comments on Some Similar Tropical Species}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, year = {1991}, note = {

Gf741Times Cited:1Cited References Count:2

}, month = {Jul-Sep}, pages = {505-507}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734426, title = {Ascosparassis-Heinricheri from Venezuela - an Extended Distribution}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, year = {1989}, note = {

Am887Times Cited:2Cited References Count:4

}, month = {Jul-Sep}, pages = {283-285}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H. and Halling, R. E.} } @article {734441, title = {A Note on Grelet Les Discomycetes De France}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {33}, year = {1988}, note = {

R1048Times Cited:0Cited References Count:30

}, month = {Oct-Dec}, pages = {97-100}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734436, title = {Paratrichophaea (Pezizales) in North-America}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {80}, number = {4}, year = {1988}, note = {

P8240Times Cited:4Cited References Count:6

}, month = {Jul-Aug}, pages = {515-519}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734431, title = {R. Gordon Wasson, 1898-1986}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {80}, number = {1}, year = {1988}, note = {

M6350Times Cited:0Cited References Count:1

}, month = {Jan-Feb}, pages = {11-13}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734446, title = {A Bibliographic and Nomenclatural Account of Holmskjold,Theodor Publications on Fungi}, journal = {Nova Hedwigia}, volume = {45}, number = {3-4}, year = {1987}, note = {

L7204Times Cited:0Cited References Count:7

}, pages = {487-500}, isbn = {0029-5035}, author = {Pfister, D.H. and Boise, J. R.} } @article {734456, title = {Peziza-Phyllogena - an Older Name for Peziza-Badioconfusa}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {79}, number = {4}, year = {1987}, note = {

J7909Times Cited:2Cited References Count:5

}, month = {Jul-Aug}, pages = {634-634}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734451, title = {The Placement of Peziza-Edulis in Rickiella (Sarcoscyphaceae, Pezizales)}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {29}, year = {1987}, note = {

J4348Times Cited:1Cited References Count:14

}, month = {Jul-Sep}, pages = {329-333}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734461, title = {Mycology, Universities and 19th-Century American Science}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {26}, year = {1986}, note = {

D3948Times Cited:0Cited References Count:0

}, month = {Jul-Sep}, pages = {65-74}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734471, title = {A Bibliographic Account of Exsiccatae Containing Fungi}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {23}, number = {1-4}, year = {1985}, note = {

Axm03Times Cited:15Cited References Count:10

}, month = {Jul-Sep}, pages = {1-139}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734466, title = {More Comments on the Genus Acervus}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {22}, number = {2}, year = {1985}, note = {

Agn55Times Cited:6Cited References Count:5

}, pages = {435-438}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H. and Bessette, A. E.} } @article {734486, title = {2 New Localities for Medeolaria-Farlowii in New-England}, journal = {Rhodora}, volume = {86}, number = {846}, year = {1984}, note = {

Sy497Times Cited:1Cited References Count:3

}, pages = {235-236}, isbn = {0035-4902}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734481, title = {Cookeina-Indica, a New Species from India with a Key to the Species of Cookeina}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, year = {1984}, note = {

Sq271Times Cited:6Cited References Count:5

}, pages = {117-121}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H. and Kaushal, R.} } @article {734491, title = {On Fimaria-Dentata, a New Combination, with a Review of Synonyms and Comments on Fimaria (Pezizales)}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {76}, number = {5}, year = {1984}, note = {

Tp360Times Cited:5Cited References Count:23

}, pages = {843-852}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734501, title = {Genea-Jafneadelphus - a Tuberalean-Pezizalean Connection}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {76}, number = {1}, year = {1984}, note = {

Sf663Times Cited:13Cited References Count:5

}, pages = {170-172}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734496, title = {An Index to the Taxa Described by Thaxter,Roland Excluding the Laboulbeniales}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {20}, number = {2}, year = {1984}, note = {

Tc758Times Cited:0Cited References Count:0

}, pages = {225-244}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734476, title = {A Note on Types and Kleptotypes}, journal = {Taxon}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, year = {1984}, note = {

Su513Times Cited:3Cited References Count:0

}, pages = {295-296}, isbn = {0040-0262}, author = {Pfister, D.H. and Rossman, A. Y.} } @article {734511, title = {Deutschlands Schwamme - an Often Overlooked Exsiccata}, journal = {Taxon}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, year = {1982}, note = {

Pc234Times Cited:1Cited References Count:7

}, pages = {498-502}, isbn = {0040-0262}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734506, title = {A New Host for Sphaeronaemella-Helvellae - Pseudorhizina-Sphaerospora}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, year = {1982}, note = {

Pp342Times Cited:2Cited References Count:4

}, pages = {165-166}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734516, title = {A Note on Thaxter,Roland Collection Localities}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, year = {1982}, note = {

Nz391Times Cited:0Cited References Count:1

}, pages = {341-344}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734531, title = {A New Non-Coprophilous Species of Thecotheus, Thecotheus-Phycophilus}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {73}, number = {5}, year = {1981}, note = {

Mk551Times Cited:6Cited References Count:4

}, pages = {1001-1004}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734526, title = {The Psilopezioid Fungi .8. Additions to the Genus Pachyella}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, year = {1981}, note = {

Mm881Times Cited:1Cited References Count:7

}, pages = {457-464}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H. and Candoussau, F.} } @article {734521, title = {The Psilopezioid Fungi VII. A New Species of Psilopezia from France}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, year = {1981}, note = {

Lv102Times Cited:2Cited References Count:2

}, pages = {367-368}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H. and Candoussau, F.} } @article {734536, title = {Additions and Corrections to the Annotated Index to Fungi Described by Patouillard,N.}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, year = {1980}, note = {

Kd464Times Cited:2Cited References Count:1

}, pages = {435-442}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734541, title = {On Peziza-Melaleucoides - a Species of Gyromitra from the Western United-States}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {72}, number = {3}, year = {1980}, note = {

Ka868Times Cited:2Cited References Count:10

}, pages = {614-619}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734546, title = {Monograph of the Genus Wynnea-Pezizales, Sarcoscyphaceae}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {71}, number = {1}, year = {1979}, note = {

Gq541Times Cited:9Cited References Count:31

}, pages = {144-159}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734566, title = {Type Studies in the Genus Peziza .5. Species Described by Rehm}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, year = {1979}, note = {

Gs589Times Cited:3Cited References Count:12

}, pages = {187-192}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734556, title = {Type Studies in the Genus Peziza .6. Species Described by Peck,Ch}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, year = {1979}, note = {

Gs591Times Cited:6Cited References Count:12

}, pages = {333-338}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734551, title = {Type Studies in the Genus Peziza .7. Miscellaneous Species Described by Berkeley,Mj and Curtis,Ma}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, year = {1979}, note = {

Gs591Times Cited:5Cited References Count:16

}, pages = {339-346}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734561, title = {Type Studies in the Genus Peziza .8.10 Species Described by Massee,G Cash,Ek Seaver,Fj}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, year = {1979}, note = {

Hd296Times Cited:6Cited References Count:2

}, pages = {501-504}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734576, title = {Apothecial Development in Cookeina-Tricholoma with Comments on Some Related Species}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {70}, number = {6}, year = {1978}, note = {

Ge777Times Cited:8Cited References Count:11

}, pages = {1253-1257}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734586, title = {Type Studies in Genus Peziza .4. Species Described}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, year = {1978}, note = {

Fh161Times Cited:3Cited References Count:0

}, pages = {214-217}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734571, title = {Type Studies in Genus Peziza II. Operculate Discomycetes Described by Ellis,J.B. And Co-Authors}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, year = {1978}, note = {

Ey838Times Cited:2Cited References Count:0

}, pages = {97-101}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734581, title = {Type Studies in Genus Peziza III. Operculate Discomycetes Collected}, journal = {Mycotaxon}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, year = {1978}, note = {

Fh161Times Cited:3Cited References Count:0

}, pages = {209-213}, isbn = {0093-4666}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734591, title = {Psilopezioid Fungi .6. Aleuria-Annamitica - Synonym of Pachyella-Adnata}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {67}, number = {1}, year = {1975}, note = {

V7455Times Cited:0Cited References Count:2

}, pages = {181-181}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734596, title = {Psilopezioid Fungi .5. Miladina-Lechithina}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Botany-Revue Canadienne De Botanique}, volume = {52}, number = {7}, year = {1974}, note = {

T8261Times Cited:3Cited References Count:11

}, pages = {1643-\&}, isbn = {0008-4026}, author = {Pfister, D.H. and Korf, R. P.} } @article {734616, title = {Caribbean Discomycetes .3. Ascospore Germination and Growth in Culture of Nanoscypha-Tetraspora (Pezizales, Sarcoscyphineae)}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {65}, number = {4}, year = {1973}, note = {

Q8437Times Cited:7Cited References Count:9

}, pages = {952-956}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734611, title = {Psilopezioid Fungi .1. History, Nomenclature, and Delimitation of Psilopezioid Genera}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {65}, number = {2}, year = {1973}, note = {

P5692Times Cited:7Cited References Count:23

}, pages = {321-328}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734621, title = {Psilopezioid Fungi .3. Genus Psilopezia (Pezizales)}, journal = {American Journal of Botany}, volume = {60}, number = {4}, year = {1973}, note = {

O8010Times Cited:6Cited References Count:30

}, pages = {355-365}, isbn = {0002-9122}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734606, title = {Psilopezioid Fungi .4. Genus Pachyella}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Botany-Revue Canadienne De Botanique}, volume = {51}, number = {11}, year = {1973}, note = {

S0195Times Cited:18Cited References Count:13

}, pages = {2009-2023}, isbn = {0008-4026}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {747121, title = {Notes on Caribbean Discomycetes I. Cytological evidence for the exclusion of Phaedropezia from the Sarcosyphaceae.}, journal = {Caribbean Journal of Science}, volume = {12}, year = {1972}, pages = {39-40}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {747196, title = {. Notes on Caribbean Discomycetes II. Two species of Pulvinula from Puerto Rico}, journal = {Phytologia}, volume = {24}, year = {1972}, pages = {211-215}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734626, title = {The Psilopezioid Fungi. II. Thecotheus rivicola comb. nov. and Other Iodophaneae (Pezizales) Occurring on Water-Soaked Wood}, journal = {Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club}, volume = {99}, number = {4}, year = {1972}, note = {

O6167Times Cited:8Cited References Count:7

}, pages = {198-200}, isbn = {0040-9618}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {734631, title = {A Histochemical Study of Composition of Spore Ornamentations in Operculate Discomycetes}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {62}, number = {2}, year = {1970}, note = {

G1392Times Cited:3Cited References Count:17

}, pages = {234-\&}, isbn = {0027-5514}, author = {Pfister, D.H.} } @article {976571, title = {Parasites of parasites of bats: Laboulbeniales (Fungi: Ascomycota) on bat flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) in central Europe}, journal = {Parasites \& Vectors}, volume = {10}, year = {Published}, month = {2017}, pages = {1-14}, url = {http://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-017-2022-y}, author = {Haelewaters, Danny and Walter P. Pfliegler and Szentivanyi, Tamara and Foldvari, Mihaly and Sandor, Attila D. and Barti, Levente and Camacho, Jasmin J. and Gort, Gerrit and Estok, PEters and Hiller, Thomas and Dick, Carl W. and Donald H. Pfister} }